技术效率、技术进步与粮食生产率增长

A Study on Growth and Decomposition of China's Grain TFP Growth

笔者采用1978年-2012年国内省域面板数据，结合非径向、非角度的SBM方向性距离函数模型，借鉴GlobalMalmquist生产率指数的构造思路，提出一种新的测度模型SBM—Global Malmquist生产率指数，对中国粮食全要素生产率（TFP）进行核算与分解。实证表明，与Global Malmquist生产率指数相比，传统的Malmquist指数容易导致“技术倒退”，致使粮食TFP的估算“被动”提高；我国粮食TFP的空间非均衡性明显，西部地区粮食TFP增长水平最高，东部地区稍低一点，中部地区最低；我国粮食TFP呈上升趋势，且表现出“U”型波动变化特征；我国粮食TFP增长的源泉主要是前沿技术进步，技术效率改善对粮食TFP增长的推动作用不明显。

Employing the panel data （from 1978 to 2012） at the provincial level in China and the SBM Directional distance functionmodel which is non-radial and non-angular, and absorbing the essential idea of Global Malmquist Productivity Index, the paper putsforward a new evaluation model called the SBM-Global Malmquist Productivity Index, by which accounts and decomposes China＇ s graingrowth rate of total factor productivity. The study shows that the traditional Malmquist Index tends to ＂technology retrogression＂ com-pared with Global Malmquist Index, which ＂passively＂ increases the measurement of the grain growth rate of total factor productivity.And secondly, China＇ s total factor productivity exhibits obvious unbalance in different regions, the west region shows the highestgrowth level, the eastern region the second, and the central region the lowest. Moreover, our grain growth rate is on the rise and fluctu-ates in U shape, which mainly dues to the frontier technology progress and not for the motivation of technical efficiency.