应用地累积指数评价鞍山市夏季PM_(2.5)中元素的污染

Applying the geoaccumulation index to evaluate element pollution of PM_(2.5) in Anshan city during summer

2014年夏季在鞍山市的6个站点进行了PM2.5的样品采集,对其载带的15种元素进行了检测。通过地累积指数、相关分析和聚类分析等方法分析了鞍山市夏季PM2.5中15种元素的污染来源。结果表明:Ca、Zn、Pb、Ni和Cd这5种元素的质量分数在各站点之间存在较大的差异;地累积指数结果显示,Cd为极强污染程度,可能的来源是钢铁冶炼和刹车及轮胎磨损,Pb和Zn污染程度在强污染以上,Pb可能的主要人为来源是钢铁冶炼和窖炉煤的燃烧,Zn可能主要来自钢铁冶炼和机动车,Cu、Ni、Cr和Ca中到强污染以下;聚类分析将中度污染及以上元素分为Zn-Cd-Pb,Ni-Cu-Cr和Ca 3类,分别指示钢铁冶炼、机动车尾气及刹车、轮胎磨损,建筑尘;相关性分析显示,Cr与Ni、Cu可能来自同一污染源,Zn、Cd和Pb可能来自同一种源。

PM2. 5samples were collected from six sampling points in Anshan,China,during the summer of2014 and 15 elements were analyzed. The characteristics of the 15 elements were studied by geoaccumulation index,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis. The results showed through the analysis of mass percent that there were significant gaps in different sampling points for the elements calcium（ Ca）,zinc（ Zn）,lead（ Pb）,nickel（ Ni）,and cadmium（ Cd）. The geoaccumulation index of elements indicated that Cd,which may result from iron and steel smelting,brake-lining wear and tire-wear,was extremely contaminated. Pb and Zn were strongly contaminated. The possible sources of Pb include iron and steel smelting and coal combustion. Zn may result mainly from smelting and vehicles. Copper（ Cu）,Ni,chromium（ Cr）,and Ca were moderately to strongly contaminated. The elements above moderate contamination were divided into three groups（ Zn-Cd-Pb,Ni-Cu-Cr,Ca） by cluster analysis. These three groups indicated origins of iron and steel smelting,vehicles（ exhaust,brake-lining wear,and tire-wear）,and construction dust,respectively. The results also showed that Cr,Ni,and Cu may result from the same sources,while Zn,Cd,and Pb may possibly originate from the same type of sources.