朝鲜族民族身份认同的文学建构——以石华的《延边》和金昌永的《西塔》为例

Construction of Literary from the Perspective of Korean-Chinese Identity Recognition——Analysis of Yanbian by Shi Hua and Xi Ta by JIN Chang-yong

改革开放之后,特别是随着城市化的深入,一方面,涌入中国大中城市的朝鲜族开始切身感受到各民族之间的文化差异,在身份认同上产生一些困惑;另一方面,随着与韩国人的接触越来越频繁,发现自己实际上与同根同祖的韩国人并不相同,无论在价值观上还是在文化认同上以及在生活习惯上都有明显的差异,在有些方面甚至格格不入,这使得朝鲜族开始重新思考自己的身份认同问题。这样突如其来的困惑,在朝鲜族第五代、第六代作家的作品里都有所体现,而第四代诗人石华的诗集《延边》和第五代诗人金昌永的诗集《西塔》则为其深思熟虑的文学产品,而且其立场异常坚定,这一点与仍带有一些困惑或纠结的第六代作家明显不同。通过分析发现,这两位诗人的组诗中最核心的主题是国民身份和民族身份的自我认同,并以此来构建朝鲜族作为中国少数民族的身份认同,即中国文化环境与朝鲜传统文化相融合而形成的、明显区别于朝鲜或者韩国文化的新的民族文化共同体——中国朝鲜族的身份认同。

After the reform and opening up, especially the development of urbanization, the Korean-Chinese who live in the big cities start to feel the cultural difference between vari- ous ethnic minorities and unavoidably to confuse about their own identities. In addition, with the frequent communication with Korean people, Korean-Chinese find out that they are different from those Korean people who share the same ancestors with them no matter on aspects of values, cultures and living habits. All this makes Korean-Chinese to reconsider their own identities. Different from the fifth and sixth generation writers, however, the fourth generation poet Shi Hua and and the fifth generation poet Jin Changyong hold firm and clear views on self-recognition of nationality and ethnic minority identity. Their works Yanbian and Xi Ta show the ideas that Korean-Chinese is one of the ethnic minorities in China and their culture, different from those in North Korean or South Korean, is the combination of Chinese culture and traditional Korean culture.