西方民主的非行动主义悖论及其消解

The Paradox of Non-activism of Western Democracy and Its Resolution

西方自由民主基于消极自由的绝对优先性区分了自由和行使自由的条件,漠视甚至排斥行动的能力,从而表现出非行动主义的特征。非行动主义揭示了消极自由、平等能力假设、理性选择以及个人主义的困境,更导致了资格悖论以及对物与物权之关系的认知偏差,从而使自由民主成为一个虚幻的镜像。消解非行动主义的悖论,需要重构自由和民主概念,将能力纳入自由范畴,并把民主从消极自由的限制中解放出来,使其在人的行动基础上成为兼顾物的逻辑和物权逻辑、资格和能力、自由和平等的共存框架。

Western liberal democracy discriminates between liberty and the conditions of its exercise and reject the ability to act on the basis of the absolute priority of negative liberty, which makes liberal democracy a non-activist theory. Non-activism of liberal democracy reveals the dilemmas of negative liberty, assumption about equal ability, rational choice and individualism. Above all these dilemmas, it leads to the qualification paradox and misconceptions of the relationship between things democracy into an illusory mirror image. It＇ s necessary to and rights over things, thus turning the liberal reconstitute liberty and democracy if we want to resolve the paradox of non-activism. Therefore, the concept of ability should be reabsorbed into the domain of liberty, and democracy should be emancipated from the restriction of negative liberty, thus making democracy a compatible field of logics of things and rights over things, qualification and ability, liberty and equality on the basis of men＇ s actions.