史传与小说的关系研究——以《西京杂记》为例

The Study of the Relationship between Historical Biographies and Novels——A Case Study of A Miscellany of the Western Capital

史传与小说是在创作目的、选材喜好、价值要求上均有差异的两类文体。但在古典小说产生初期,小说尚未明确自己特质,其与史传关系密切,对史书在人物、事件描写上多有借鉴而发展,且其不同的关注角度亦能补史传之阙。本文以《西京杂记》这一汉代宫廷轶事杂记体为文本,比较了其与正统史书《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》中关于历史人物匡衡、司马相如与王昭君的记载,试图解析史传与小说的关系。

The style of historical biographies and the one of novels are two literary forms which are different in creative objectives, preferences of subject matters and value orientations. In the initial stages, the style of novels couldn’t definitely possess its own specific quality, and at the later stage, it came to get closely related to the one of historical biographies in that it developed by frequently referring to the description of characters and events and making up for the deficiencies of historical biographies due to its unique perspective. In the paper, a comparative study is made of the related descriptions of the great historic persons such as Kuang Heng; Sima Xiang-ru, and Wang Zhao-jun both in the anecdotal and miscellany text about the Han-Dynasty palace-A Miscellany of the Western Capital and in the orthodox history book Shih Chi（The Historical Records）,The Han History and The Later Han History, in order to explain the relation between historical biographies and novels.