社会工作增权视角下农村老年社会福利服务发展路径探讨

Ways of rural elderly social welfare services from empowerment perspective of social work

当前我国一部分农村尤其是经济欠发达地区农村的老人,其仍处于"能力和资源相对缺乏"的状态,而增权理论认为其相对"弱权"的地位通过自身和"他助"的努力是可以改变的,因而可将增权理论应用于农村老年社会工作中,探索一条农村老年社会福利服务的新路径。基于增权理论的分析框架,结合已有的相关研究成果和对农村老人的访谈,梳理了增权理论与农村老年社会工作的契合点,认为我国农村社会福利服务体系下老年人"弱权"的现状有3个方面:农村老年社会福利服务主要针对"五保老人",农村老年社会福利服务基础设施建设仍待完善,适度普惠的社会福利服务政策有待落实等。提出基于增权理论的社会工作介入农村老年人社会福利服务的内生和外生两种并行路径。

Part of rural residents, especially in the economically underdeveloped region, is still in the shortage of capacity and resources. Empowerment theory hold that individuals or groups in weak position have the power to change and devel- op by their efforts or other＇s help. Thus the theory can be applied in the rural elderly social work to explore new ways for a rural social welfare services for the aged. Based on the analytical framework of empowerment theory, combined with ex- isting research results and interviews with the rural elderly, It argues that rural elderly ＂weak power＂ has three aspects.. only for the ＂five-guarantees elderly＂, poor infrastructure, unimplemented moderate Pratt ＆ Whitney social welfare serv- ices. It also put forward endogenous and exogenous parallel paths.