从文化记忆角度看俄罗斯文学中的平民知识分子形象

Image of Civilian Intellectuals in Russian Literature from the Perspective of Cultural Memory

俄罗斯平民知识分子在俄罗斯社会发展过程中具有极为重要的历史地位和作用,更是19世纪俄罗斯思想文化发展承上启下的关键环节,自然成为俄罗斯文学关注的对象。从文化记忆的角度看,也正是俄罗斯文学塑造的一个又一个鲜活的平民知识分子形象,使平民知识分子的形象日益深入人心,逐渐由文学形象成为俄罗斯民众和社会的文化记忆。在俄罗斯平民知识分子的文学形象中,屠格涅夫塑造的巴扎罗夫、车尔尼雪夫斯基塑造的拉赫梅托夫等新人、陀思妥耶夫斯基塑造的地下室人等是最典型的代表,他们为俄罗斯社会的平民知识分子的文化记忆增添了浓墨重彩的篇章。

Russian civilian intellectuals possess very important historical position and role in the social development process of Russia. Moreover, they are the essential key link of ideology and culture development of Russia in 19th Century, which become the focus of Russian literature naturally. As can be seen from the perspective of cultural memory, the vivid images of civilian intellectuals constructed by Russian literature make them more and more popular, becoming Russian people and society ＇ s cultural memory gradually. The Bazarov constructed by Turgenev, the Rahmetov by Chemyshevsky, the images in ＂Notes from Underground＂ by Dostoevsky are the most typical respresentative literary images among Russian civilian intellectuals, enriching Russian society＇ s culture memory of civilian intellectuals.