政府过度管制对企业绩效的影响——来自中国企业-员工匹配调查(CEES)的证据

Impact of Excessive Government Regulation on Firm Performance——Evidence from the First- hand Survey of 570 Manufacturing Firms in China

为考察我国当下政府管制的规模、成本及其对企业经营绩效的影响,本文利用一手的企业调查数据进行统计分析和实证检验。结果显示,55.26%的企业不同程度地受到政府的管制。政府的补贴性管制占企业收入的11.05%,且较多地集中在国有企业、大型企业,而收费性管制占企业成本的6.98%,较多地集中在民营企业、中小企业。实证检验发现,政府管制对企业的经营绩效呈显著的负影响,其原因是当下的政府管制行为出现过度干预的现象,从而影响了管制效果的发挥。为此,文章提出,应进一步放松政府管制,善用市场手段驱动规制而非直接干预市场;逐步退出竞争性领域;建立政府管制行为的评价机制,并根据评价结果调整政府的管制行为;同时有必要完善相应法律法规,依法管制,以解决政府管制的随意性和难以问责的问题。

In order to investigate the scale, cost and the impact on firm performance of the current gov- ernment regulation, we use the first - hand survey data of China＇ s manufacture firms to analyze. The result shows that 55.26 percent of the firms received various government regulation. Among them, the government＇ s subsidy regulation accounts for 11.05 % of firms＇ revenue, and more concentrates in state - owned enterpri- ses and large enterprises, while the government＇ s fees accounts for 6.98 percent of firms＇ costs, and more concentrates in private enterprises and SMEs. Empirical test shows that, government regulation has a signifi- cant negative impact on firm performance. The reason is that the current government regulation behavior ap- peared excessive interference phenomenon, which affects the effect of government regulation. Therefore, we propose the following policy recommendations ： making good use of market - based instruments rather than di- rect intervention in the market; gradually withdrawing from the competitive field; establishing evaluation mechanisms to control government behavior and dynamically adjust the government regulation policy as well; improve relevant laws and regulations to cutback the problem of arbitrariness and unaccountability.