全要素生产率、产品质量和企业亏损——基于2015年中国企业-员工匹配调查的实证研究

Total Factor Productivity,Product Quality and Business Losses——Empirical Research Based on China Employer- Employee Survey in 2015

全要素生产率提升企业经营绩效的作用机制是什么?本文利用"中国企业-员工匹配调查"(CEES)数据,得出2014年广东省制造业企业亏损面约为12.2%。亏损面较小的企业具有如下特征:企业年龄为11至15年、中型(员工人数为301至1 000人)、民营、具有出口行为、非加工贸易型企业、属于高新技术企业等。基于OLS和Probit计量回归,全要素生产率的提高能显著促进产品质量的提升,而产品质量的提升又对企业亏损有着显著的抑制效应。通过内生性检验,全要素生产率-产品质量-企业亏损具有显著的因果效应。全要素生产率通过促进产品质量的提高,显著降低了企业亏损,这为经济新常态下我国政府进一步加强供给侧改革,引导企业以提高全要素生产率和产品质量为核心进行资源重新配置,提供了一定的证据支持。

What is the influence mechanism of total factor productivity （TFP） to improve enterprise＇ s performance？ This empirical research using CEES data shows that the loss coverage of the manufacturing enter- prises in Guangdong province in 2014 is about 12.2%. The enterprises with lower loss coverage have the fol- lowing characteristics： 11 to 15 years aged, medium -sized （the number of employees is 301 to 1000）, pri- vate, with export behavior, non processing trade type, and belonging to the high technology enterprises. Based on the OLS and Probit regression this paper verifies the ＂productivity market selection effect＂, also finds that the improvement of total factor productivity can significantly promote the product quality upgrading, and prod- uct quality has a significant negative inhibition to business losses. Through endogenous test TFP, product quality and business losses have a significant causal effect. This conclusion provides some empirical evidence for Chinese government to strengthen the supply side reform, and guide enterprises to reallocate resources by improving TFP and product quality.