我国遗体捐献困局与传统身体文化关系的伦理探析

Ethical Analysis on the Relation between the Difficulties of Cadaver Donation and Traditional Body Culture in China

我国遗体捐献面临困局,与我国实行遗体捐献工作起步较晚,相关法律空缺、管理制度还有待完善等密切相关。同时,身体文化以及相关的传统生命伦理思想,如死亡伦理观、丧葬习俗和孝道观等,成为制约中国人遗体捐献行为的重要文化因素。传统身体文化在形而上的层次上决定了中国哲学的特点,在形而下的具体生活中,影响了中国人重视身体的行为方式。据此提出相应伦理建议:应当在尊重传统身体文化的基础上做一些补偿性的措施;注重伦理宣传教育,鼓励遗体捐献行为;在遗体捐献工作中注意生命伦理关怀。

There are many problems and challenges of cadaver donation in China, which is the results of short cadaver donation history, absence of legislation and undeveloped donation management system. The traditional body culture and the related traditional bioethics thoughts, such as theethical view of death, funeral custom and filial piety, were important culture factors discouraged cadaver donation behaviors of Chinese. The Chinese traditional body culture formed the physical characteristic of Chinese traditional philosophy, which resulted in Chinese behavioral pattern of paying great attentions on the body. Finally, some suggestions were given, including developing cadaver donation work with the respect of traditional body culture, paying attention to ethical education to encourage cadaver donation behavior, and providing bioethical care.