2010—2013年上海长宁地区成年人急性病毒性胃肠炎的流行病学研究

The epidemiology of adults acute viral gastroenteritis in Shanghai Changning district from 2010 to 2013

目的研究上海长宁地区成年人急性病毒性胃肠炎的流行病学特点。方法收集2010年6月至2013年12月上海长宁地区成年急性胃肠炎患者的粪便标本1554例，采用酶联免疫吸附测定法及多重聚合酶链反应法进行多种病毒检测。结果在1554例病例中，年龄（46．19±15．59）岁，其中男691例，女863例。共检出病毒感染患者407例，检出率26．19％，其中97．05％（395／407）为单一病毒感染，2．95％（12／407）为混合感染。单一病毒感染中轮状病毒189例，诺罗病毒148例，札幌病毒37例，星状病毒14例，腺病毒7例。在不同的月份中，流行高峰在每年的10月至次年2月；病毒阳性组水样泻、呕吐、发热发生率均高于病毒阴性组[95．09％（387／407）比88．14％（1011／1147）、31．20％（127／407）比18．83％（216／1147）、11．06％（45／407）比7．59％（87／1147）]，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或〈0．05）。结论成年人急性病毒性胃肠炎以轮状病毒感染多见，有较高的水样泻、呕吐及发热发生率，流行高峰在冬季。

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of adults acute viral gastroenteritis in Shanghai Changning district. Methods All of 1 554 stool specimens of adults acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai Changning district from June 2010 to December 2013, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiple polymerase chain reaction was used to detecte different viruses. Results In all of 1 554 cases, the average age was （46.19 ＋ 15.59） years. Among them, 691 persons were male, 863 persons were female. Virus infection was detected in 407 cases, and the detection rate was 26.19%. Among them, 395 cases （97.05%） were single virus infection, and 12 cases （2.95%） were mixed infection. The peak of epidemic was from every November to next February. The incidence of watery diarrhea, vomiting and fever in virus positive group was significantly higher than that in virus negative group：95.09% （387/407） vs. 88.14% （1 011/1 147）, 31.20% （127/407） vs. 18.83% （216/1 147）, and 11.06% （45/407） vs. 7.59%（87/1147）, P 〈 0.01 or 〈 0.05. Conclusions Rotavirus infection is common in adults with acute viral gastroenteritis. Patients with positive virus infection had a higher incidence of watery diarrhea, vomiting and fever. The peak of epidemic is winter.