不同立地条件下哈密大枣果园营养特征及果实品质的研究

Study on Fruit Quality,Nutrition Characters of Hami Jujube Orchard under Different Site Conditions

【目的】研究不同土壤类型（沙土、沙壤土和粘土）下,不同树龄（初果期和盛果期）哈密大枣在花芽分化期、开花盛期和果实膨大期的土壤和叶片,主要营养成分及其果实品质之间的差异性。【方法】以哈密大枣作为试材,主要测定土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,叶片的氮、磷、钾含量,以及果实VC、可滴定酸、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量。【结果】不同土壤类型不同树龄下哈密大枣果园在各物候期内0~20 cm土层的有机质、碱解氮、速效钾和速效磷含量均明显高于20~80 cm土层;初果期三种土壤类型的哈密大枣果园在0~20 cm土层中开花盛期的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量比花芽分化期和果实膨大期较高。不同树龄不同土壤类型哈密大枣果园在不同物候期间相比,除了初果期粘土枣园开花盛期的叶片氮和钾含量均高于花芽分化期和果实膨大期以外,叶片氮和钾含量在果实膨大期均最高,而叶片磷含量在花芽分化期均最高。初果期哈密大枣果实品质在土壤类型之间比较而言,沙壤土枣园的果实VC、可滴定酸和可溶性糖含量最高,而粘土枣园的果实可溶性固形物含量较高;盛果期而言,沙土枣园的果实VC和可滴定酸含量最高,沙壤土的可溶性糖和固形物含量最高。【结论】在哈密大枣生产中,根据土壤营养情况花芽分化期要适当加大磷肥的施用比例,而果实膨大期要增加氮肥和钾肥的施用量。

[ Objective] To study the difference of fruit quality, soil and leaf nutrition content at flower bud differentiation stage, full bloom stage and fruit expanding stage of Hami jujube with different ages （pr/mary fruit period and full fruit period） under different soil types （sandy, sandy loam and clay soil）. [ Method] Taking Hami jujube as test material, measuring soil organic matter, soil available NPK, NPK content of leav- es, and fruit VC, titratable acid, soluble sugar and soluble solids content. [ Result] The soil organic matter, soil available NPK content in 0 -20 cm soil layer at different stages of Hami jujube with different ages under different soil types were higher than those in 20 -80 cm soil layer. There were a higher soil organic matter, soil available NPK content in 0 - 20 cm soil layer at full bloom stage Hami jujube with primary fruit period un- der different soil type compared to flower bud differentiation stage and fruit expanding stage. As for the com- parison between phenology different periods of Hami jujube orchards with different ages under different soil types, except the N content and K content in leaves of Hami jujube with primary fruit period under clay soil at full bloom stage were higher than flower bud differentiation stage and fruit expanding stage, the N content and K content in leaves were highest in fruit expanding stage, but the P content of leaves were highest in flower bud differentiation stage. As far as the comparison on fruit quality of Hami jujube with primary fruit period, the Hami jujube orchard under sandy loam soil have a highest fruit VC content, titratable acid content and sol- uble sugar content, but the soluble solids content was highest in Hami jujube orchard under clay soil; as far full fruit period, there were a higher VC content and titratable acid content in Hami jujube orchard under sandy soil, and the soluble sugar content and soluble solids content were the highest in Hami jujube orchard under sandy loam soil. [ Conclusion ] In Hami jujube production, according to the nutritional status of or- chard soil, it is necessary to increase the proportion of phosphorus fertilizer in flower bud differentiation stage, and increase the amount of nitrogenous and potash fertilizer during the fruit expanding stage.