“精杞1号”枸杞夏秋鲜果营养成分与土壤肥力因子间关系研究

Study on the Relationship of the "Jingqi No. 1" Lycium barbarum in Summer and Autumn Fruit between Nutrition and Soil Fertility Factors

【目的】通过对精河县4个不同地点试验园中"精杞1号"枸杞夏、秋鲜果中总糖、总酸、可溶性固形物、VC、蛋白质、脂肪、水分含量,及其相应时期内土壤中有机质、N、P、K营养元素含量的测定,对比分析夏果和秋果中各营养成分含量差异,研究其变化与同期土壤有机质及N、P、K土壤肥力因子间的相互关系,为当地枸杞生长季合理施肥及提高果实品质提供依据。【方法】以精河县4个不同试验点生产园中种植的主栽品种"精杞1号"盛果期新鲜夏果和秋果为材料,采集鲜果样品,及时用低温冷藏方法运回实验室,参照相关标准进行果实相关营养成分指标含量测定,同时采集同期各试点土壤样品带回实验室内自然风干后,按照土壤测试要求进行相关肥力因子含量测定,采用统计方法和软件进行果实品质与土壤肥力因子相关性分析。【结果】各试点同期夏、秋果营养成分间存在一定显著性差异,且各试点枸杞夏果中除VC、总酸和水分含量高于秋果外,其余各营养成分含量多小于秋果,土壤中有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,与枸杞夏、秋果各营养成分含量存在不同程度的相关性。【结论】土壤中有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量是影响枸杞果实品质的关键肥力因子,在夏果成熟前生长期,于土壤中追施适量氮肥有利于提高夏果中总糖含量和可溶性固形物含量,追施适量磷肥则可增加夏果中脂肪的含量;在秋果成熟前生长期,于土壤中追施适量氮、磷、钾速效肥和补充适量有机肥,可提高秋果中总糖、可溶性固形物和VC的含量,为枸杞生长季合理施肥提供依据。

[ Objective] Through the determination of the total sugar, total acid, soluble solids, VC, pro- tein, fat, moisture content and the corresponding period of soil organic matter, N, P, K nutrient elements of Jingqi No. 1 in the 4 different locations in the experimental garden, the study aims to conduct comparative a- nalysis of differences, the nutrient contents of summer fruit and autumn fruit, and at the same time, research the relationship between the change and the period of soil organic matter and N, P, K soil fertility factors with a purpose of providing basis for rational fertilization and improvement of the fruit quality. [ Method ] The ma- terial included ＂Jingqi No. 1 ＂full fruit period of fresh summer fruit and autumn fruit in 4 different test point in the production of gardens in Jinghe County. After collecting fresh samples, storing them in low temperature storage back in the lab. Then according to the related standards, detecting the nutrition content in the fruit. At the same time, collecting the soil samples and they were dried in naturally air. According to soil test re- quirements, testing the related soil fertility factors. Then analyzing the relationship between fruit quality and soil fertility factor by use of statistical methods and software. [ Result] The results showed that： there was sig- nificant difference in different experiment sites during the same period in summer, autumn fruit nutrition com- ponents, and in different experiment sites of Lycium barbarum summer fruit. Except VC, total acid and moisture content, the rest of the nutrient content was less than autumn fruit. The contents of soil organic matter, a- vailable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content and Lycium barbarum fruit existed dif- ferent degrees of correlation. [ Conclusion ] Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content are key factors affecting fertility factor Lycium barbarum fruit quality. Before the summer fruit maturing, dressing nitrogen is beneficial to improve sugar content and soluble solid content in summer fruit. Dressing the phosphorus fertilizer can increase the amount of the fat content in summer fruit. Before the autumn fruit maturing, dressing nitrogen, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and organic fer- tilizer could improve the increase total sugar, soluble solids and VC in fruit. These might provide the necessa- ry basis for reasonable fertilization for Lycium barbarum in growing season.