枣果霉烂病病原鉴定(二)——引起新疆枣果霉烂病的几种青霉菌的分离鉴定

Identification of the Pathogen Causing Jujube Fruit Mildew( Part Ⅱ)——Isolation and Identification of Penicillium fungus Causing Jujube Fruit Mildew

【目的】枣果霉烂病是枣干果上的主要病害,青霉菌是引起枣果霉烂病的重要病原之一。明确新疆枣果霉烂病病原种类及优势致病种群,有效防控该病的发生与危害。【方法】通过组织分离、形态鉴定及分子鉴定,对引起枣果霉烂病的几种青霉菌进行准确鉴定,通过人工接种进行致病性比较。【结果】自枣果上分离到的大多数青霉属单孢菌株对枣果具有明显的致病性;50个致病的青霉属单孢菌株分属于5个种,分别为波兰青霉、短密青霉、变幻青霉、产黄青霉、朱黄青霉;其中波兰青霉分离频率最高,为青霉菌中的优势种;变幻青霉在5种青霉菌中致病力最强。【结论】引起新疆枣果霉烂病的青霉属真菌有5种,其中波兰青霉为优势种,变幻青霉为致病力最强的种。

[ Objective ] The Jujube fruit mildew is the major disease of dried jujube fruits, and Penicilli- urn spp. is one of important pathogenic fungus causing jujube fruits mildew. Clarifying pathogen species and advantaged species of jujube fruits mildew in Xinjiang is significantly important to control the occurrence and damage of this diseases. [ Method ] Tissue isolation, morphological analysis and molecular analysis were used in accurate identification of Penicillium fungus of jujube fruits mildew. At the same time, artificial vaccination was used for pathogenicity comparison. [ Result] The results showed that majority of single spore isolates of Penicil- lium spp. fom jujube fruit have got pathogenicity to jujube fruit. The identification result demonstrated that 50 mono - spore fungus of Penicillium spp. had pathogenicity belonging to five major species,which were P. po- lonicurn,P, brevicompactum,P, vaeiabile,P . minioluteum and P. minioluteum. Among them, the highest iso- late rate was P. polonicum, which was the advantage species of Penicillium fungus;The pathogenicity compari- son displayed that P. vaeiabile was the most virulent species in 5 species of PeniciUium fungus. [ Conclusion ] There are five species of Penicillium spp. which cause jujube fruits mildew in Xinjiang, among which advan- tagnd pathogenetic fungus is P. polonicum, and P. vaeiabile is the most virulent pathogenic species of jujube fruit mildew in Xinjiang.