朝天椒种质主要农艺性状及产量差异性分析

Difference analysis of agronomic characteristics and yield of pod pepper germplasms

以贵州、四川、重庆等地42份朝天椒种质为试材,统一播种、育苗,于7—10叶期定植大田,统一进行常规栽培及管理,在各种质大田不同生育阶段,观测各材料植株株型、分枝类型、茎枝颜色、主茎长、株高、始花节位、主茎粗、株幅、分枝数、叶色、果实朝向、果实着生类型、单果鲜重、单果干重、单株结果数,计算果实含水量、鲜椒产量、干椒产量及主要生长、产量指标变异系数,对主要性状进行相关分析。结果表明:42份种质材料中,分枝类型中59.5%属无限分枝,果实朝向73.8%为垂直向上,单果鲜重有95.2%不超过3 g,单株结果数有23.8%超过50个,干椒产量高于4 200 kg/hm^2有6份。变异系数最大的是分枝数,最小的是果实含水量。在影响朝天椒产量的诸多因素中,单株结果数、株高与干椒产量的正相关系数为0.603^(**)、0.477^(**),均达极显著水平。

The 42 pod pepper germplasms as test materials were collected from Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing etc.. After sowing seeds and breeding at the same date, seedlings of 7--10 leaves were transplanted in field. The coincident procedure of cultivation and management were conducted in the whole growth period of pod pepper germplasms. Some parameters of plant type, branching pattern, stem and branches color, main stem length, plant height, node of the first flower, main stem diameter, plant width, branching number, leaf color, fruit toward, fruit growth location type, single fruit fresh weight, single fruit dry weight and fruit number per plant etc. were observed and measured in different growing stage of these materials. Several indexes of fruit water content, fresh pepper yield, dry pepper yield and coefficients of variation of major growth and yield parameters were calcu- lated respectively. Correlation analyses of main traits were obtained by one-to-one. The results showed that 59.5% of infinite branch plant type,73.8% of vertical upward fruit orientation,95.2% of single fruit fresh weight no more than 3 g,23.8% of fruit number per plant more than 50 and 6 germplasms of dry pepper yield higher than 4 200 kg/hm2 were found in this trial. The highest coefficient of variation was branching number and the lowest one was fruit water content. The positive correlation coefficients of fruit number per plant, plant height and dry pepper yield were 0. 603 ＊＊ and 0. 477 ＊＊ respectively, both reached extremely significant level.