我国蔬菜对外贸易的比较优势动态研究——基于NRCA方法的分析

Research on foreign trade comparative advantage dynamic of Chinese vegetables based on the NRCA index

总结了我国蔬菜近年来对外贸易的状况,并介绍了标准显示性比较优势指数(NRCA index)的概念。采用NRCA index研究近十几年来我国蔬菜比较优势分布及变动,并对比分析了我国与荷兰、西班牙、墨西哥、美国等世界主要蔬菜出口国的国际竞争走势。结果显示:我国蔬菜整体比较优势呈不断减弱趋势,且落后于荷兰、西班牙、墨西哥;从种别上看,我国脱水蔬菜、鲜或干的蔬菜产品、短期保鲜蔬菜、冷冻蔬菜以及腌渍蔬菜长期具备比较优势,但其中部分种别比较优势呈下滑趋势,腌渍冷冻蔬菜虽然获取了比较优势,新鲜蔬菜逐步失去比较优势,揭示了我国蔬菜比较优势波动性背后的绿色贸易壁垒、蔬菜附加值差异、价格波动、出口退税政策等相关因素影响,最后提出了相应的建议。

The paper summarizes China＇ s foreign trade situation of vegetables in recent years, introduces the normalized revealed comparative advantage index （NRCA index） ,and then analyzes the distribution and var- iation of Chinese vegetables＇ comparative advantages in the last ten-odd years by the NRCA index and also com- paratively analyzes an international competition trend between major vegetables exporting countries ： China, the Netherlands, Spain, Mexico and the United States. The results show that China continuously weakens in overall comparative advantage of vegetables, failing behind the Netherlands, Spain and Mexico ; Though China has a long- term comparative advantage in dehydrated vegetables, fresh/dried vegetable products, short-term fresh-keeping vegetables, frozen vegetables and pickled vegetables, part of those vegetables present a downward trend in com- parative advantage;The pickled and frozen vegetables have gained a comparative advantage but the fresh vegeta- bles gradually lose a comparative advantage;The comparative advantage fluctuation is influenced by such related factors as the green trade barriers, vegetable added value differences, price fluctuation, and export rebate policies. Finally the paper makes some suggestions.