闽南语“(NP)+通+VP”中“通”的语义演变

Semantic Evolution of the Auxiliary thang33 通in the “( NP) + thang33 + VP”Structure in Southern Min Dialect

闽南方言助动词"通"在"(NP)+通+VP"结构中最先发展出来的是道义情态,早在嘉靖刊戏文已经大量存在了。该道义情态具体发展出三个义项来:一是表允许,二是表评价,三是表应该。三者之间的演变关系为:允许>评价,允许>应该,呈现出弱道义情态>强道义情态的发展趋势,局部也有由强趋弱的现象。与此同时,允许义继续向其他情态义发展,出现了以下两条演变路径:道义情态(允许)>主语指向情态>中性情态;道义情态(允许)>知识情态依附于道义情态>道义情态和知识情态并存>知识情态。这表明,"通"情态义的演变不是线性进行的,而是多向性进行的,总体上符合"非知识情态>知识情态"这一大多数语言的演变规律。但是,其非知识情态内部的演变路径与西方语言极不相同,它体现出与汉语相当一致的类型特征。

The auxiliary thang33 通 first expressed a deontic modality in ＂ （NP） ＋ thang33 ＋ VP＂ structure which appeared largely in Jiaqing version of Li ,ling Ji in the Ming Dynasty. The deontic modality has the following three meanings ： permission, evaluation and obligation. The evolution of the relationship between the three meanings is ： permission 〉 evaluation ; permission 〉 obligation, which presents the following development trend： weak deontic modality 〉 strong deontic modality while partly presenting the development trend from strong to weak. At the same time, a permission develops into other modalities with the fol- lowing two evolutionary paths： deontic modality （permission） 〉 subject oriented modality 〉 neutral dynamic modality; deontic modality （permission） 〉 epistemic modality C deontic modality 〉 epistemic modality ~ deontic modality 〉 epistemic modali- ty. This shows that the evolution of the modality is not monodirectional, but multidirectional. Although it follows the following rule of the evolution generally which appears in most languages of the world： non - epistemic modality 〉 epistemic modality, it is quite different in its evolutionary path inside the non -epistemic modality between southern Min dialect and western language.