常州市城镇居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病危险因素调查

Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in urban and rural residents in Changzhou

目的了解常州市城镇居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD,简称慢阻肺）患病率及危险因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取常州市钟楼区永红、西林社区40岁以上常住居民4 926例为调查对象,设计标准的流行病学调查问卷于2014年12月——2015年3月对抽样对象进行调查和肺功能检测。以支气管舒张试验FEV1/FVC〈70%,并排除其他心肺疾病作为慢阻肺的诊断标准。统计患病率并采用Logistic回归模型估计慢阻肺的相关危险因素。结果共纳入资料完整且肺功能检测合格的3 663名调查对象,其中慢阻肺患者确诊病例274例,现患率为7.5%,城市为6.5%,农村为8.4%,男性为12.6%,女性为3.4%。单因素分析表明,性别、年龄、受教育程度、体重指数、吸烟指数、家中烹饪史、职业粉尘接触史、呼吸疾病家族史、幼年咳嗽史、呼吸系统疾病史等因素与慢阻肺发病风险显著关联。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,性别为男性（OR=0.458,95%CI：0.226~0.931）,年龄越大（OR=2.947,95%CI：0.990~8.771）,体重指数越低（OR=0.510,95%CI：0.277~0.937）,吸烟指数越高（OR=为1.817,95%CI：1.029~3.210）,有呼吸系统疾病史（OR=5.387,95%CI：3.971~7.308）与慢阻肺的发病风险显著关联。结论常州市城镇40岁以上居民其慢阻肺发生与性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟指数、呼吸系统疾病史等密切相关,应重视其早期诊断,早期防治。

Objective To study the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（ COPD） in urban and rural residents in Changzhou,Jiangsu province. Methods This was a population-based and cross-sectional survey on prevalence of COPD in Changzhou area of the Jiangsu province from December,2014 to March,2015. The stratified-cluster-random sampling method was performed to collect the data from 4 926 people in towner Changzhou. The subjects were interviewed with questionnaires and tested with spirometry. A post-bronchodilator FEV1 / FVC 〈 70% was defined as diagnostic of COPD. Results Completed and qualified data were obtained from 3 663 participants. The average prevalence of COPD was 7. 5%（ urban 6. 5%; Fural 8. 4%; men 12. 6%; women 3. 4%）. SPSS 19. 0 was used for the single factors logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that sex,age,BMI,smoking index,extractor hood,ventilation,respiratory diseases. From multivariate 1ogistic regression analysis showed that sex（ OR = 0. 458,95% CI： 0. 226- 0. 931）,age（ OR = 2. 947,95% CI： 0. 990- 8. 771）,BMI（ OR = 0. 510,95% CI： 0. 277- 0. 937）,smoking index（ OR = 1. 817,95% CI： 1. 029- 3. 210）,respiratory diseases（ OR = 5. 387,95% CI： 3. 971- 7. 308） were risk factors. Conclusion Higher risk for COPD was related with sex,age,BMI,smoking index,respiratory diseases.