农业类型的演变与戎狄族群的兴起

On the Evolution of Agricultural Types and the Rise of “Rong Di”Tribes

农业类型的差异是古代中国区分华夏与戎狄、我族与他族的重要指标之一。春秋以前,在中国北方地区先后形成了旱作农业、非典型游牧农业和游牧农业三种具有地域性色彩的农业类型。新石器时代早期至晚商以前,北方地区农业类型的趋同发展与区域内部的频繁交流,是造成华夏与戎狄在族源关系上呈现复杂面貌的原因所在。晚商以来,非典型游牧农业类型在黄河上游-西辽河流域的发展演变呈现出区域性差异:甘青地区非典型游牧农业类型率先向游牧农业类型转型导致西戎族群最早成为威胁商周王朝西部边疆的劲敌;内蒙古中南部地区和西辽河流域非典型农业类型的分化,使北狄族群出现于山陕北部与燕山南麓地带。

Different types of agriculture is one of the important indicators of the ancient Chinese distinguishing Huaxia and Rongdi, my family and his family. Before the Spring and Autumn period, three different agricultural types with regional feathers had been formed in Chinese northern area, specifically, dry farming types, atypical nomadic agriculture types and nomadic agricultural types. From the early Neolithic period to late Shang dynasty, the convergence development of agriculture in the north and the frequent communication within the region were the reason for the complex features in the ethnic original relationship between Huaxia and Rongdi. Since the late Shang dynasty, the development of atypical nomadic and agricultural types in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the West Liaohe River basin showed regional differences： GanQing region atypical nomadic and agricultural types transformed into nomadic and agricultural type, resulted in XiRong Group becoming the first threat to the Shang and Zhou Dynasty in the western frontier; the atypical type of agriculture differentiation in the southern regions of Inner Mongolia and the West LiaoRIvers area caused the appearance of Beidi ethnic groups in the Northem of mountain Shaanxi and southern foot of Yanshan area.