韶关市无偿献血人群10年HIV检测结果与感染者调查分析

The survey about HIV infections among voluntary blood donors of Shaoguan in the recent ten years

目的了解韶关市无偿献血者近10年人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染状况及分布特征,明确血站需要采取有效防控措施,进一步减少或杜绝经输血途径传播获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的风险。方法对2005～2014年韶关市无偿献血者265 771人份献血标本,采用2种不同厂家的试剂对抗-HIV初筛试验,初筛阳性标本送韶关市疾控中心确认。结果韶关市10年无偿献血者初筛抗-HIV阳性310例,确认阳性35例;确认阳性率为1.317/万;2012年HIV确认阳性率最高为2.867/万,与其他年份HIV确认阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采血区域中新丰县HIV确认阳性率最高为5.369/万,与其他区域HIV确认阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HIV确认阳性者流行病学调查发现,性别以男性30例占85.71%,明显多于女性;年龄分布以18～35岁青壮年感染26例占74.29%为主;已婚和未婚感染者分别占28.57%和71.43%;感染者职业分散,其中以农民、企业职员、服务业、机关干部居多;低学历HIV确认阳性率相对高,说明与文化高低有一定关系;该市户籍和外地户籍感染分别占71.43%和28.57%;首次献血者占68.57%,再次献血者占31.43%,两者感染比率有明显不同;合并感染其他病毒分别是乙型肝炎病毒2例,丙型肝炎病毒1例,梅毒3例;传播途径主要通过性传播,其中以异性性传播33例(94.58%)为主。结论韶关市无偿献血者HIV减染者呈上升趋势,以男性青壮年通过异性性传播为主。应引起政府、社会和血站高度重视,加强AIDS防控排查措施的宣传工作,最大限度降低经输血传播HIV的风险,确保临床输血安全。

Objective To analyze the voluntary blood donors of Shaoguan city in recent 10 years HIV infection status and distribution characteristics,and to take effective prevention and control measures,in order to reduce the risk of HIV infection through blood transfusion.Methods HIV screening test in the early by the reagent of two different manufacturers,from 2005 to 2014voluntary blood donors specimens of 265 771 doses of blood donation in Shaoguan,and early screening positive specimens confirmed by Center for Disease Control of Shaoguan.Results The voluntary blood donors of Shaoguan in the 10 years that initial screening test anti-HIV positive were 310 cases,and 35 cases confirmed positive;The confirmed positive rate was 1.317/10 000;The HIV infection rate in 2012 was highest（2.867/10 000）and there were 9cases,which was significant difference（P〈0.05）.The district of the maximum rate was New Fengxian,which was 5.369/10 000,and different districts had significant difference（P〈0.05）.The epidemiology survey about HIV infections found that male were 30cases（85.71%）,which was significantly more than women;By age distribution,most HIV infections were 18 to 35years old young adults,which accounted 26cases（74.29%）.Married and unmarried people infected respectively accounted 28.57% and 71.43%.The occupations of HIV infections were scattered with farmers,staffers,the service industry,cadres in the majority.The HIV infection rate with low education was relative higher,which had some relationship to educational level.The residents and the non-residents infected respectively accouted 71.43% and 28.57%;Blood donors for the first time of HIV infections were 24cases（68.57%）.Blood donors for the second time of HIV infections were11cases（31.43%）;Other virus co-infection respectively were 2 HBV infections,1 HCV infection and 3syphilis infections.The route of transmission was mainly through sexual transmission that was mainly heterosexual transmission,which was 33cases（94.58%）.Conclusion The voluntary blood donors of Shaoguan with HIV is on the rise,and give priority to with male youths spread through heterosexual sex.It should be pay high attention to by the government,society and blood stations,and strengthen the propaganda work of AIDS prevention and control checks,and minimize the risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion in order to guarantee the safety of clinical blood transfusion.