山地城镇规划的分形思维

Fractal Thinking about Mountainous Town Planning

现代城镇规划易于忽视规划维度和山地复杂自然地形,形态单一,并引发城市生态问题,而分形的规划弥补了这些不足。运用分形维度、自相似和迭代的方法,探讨山地城镇的特殊性与分形规划的优势及其应用,发现山地城镇规划具有双三维形态、迂回路网等特点;分形自相似规划充分尊重并最大利用这种特殊性,规划根植于山地地形,依据地形维度形成人工空间与自然地形空间相似复合的山地城镇形态及其天际线;山地车行道路从平面维度与等高线分形相似,梯道则从垂直等高线的竖向维度与地势相似一致;山地建筑依附起伏山峦;分形迭代的城镇规划将基于地形的规划空间迭代到自然山水空间之中,演绎出集中型间隙式的山地城镇形态。

Modrn urban planning whose configuration is singleness, is prone to ignore fractional dimensionality of mountainous town planning and its complexly natural landform, and brings urban ecological crisis, but fractal plan- ning makes up these deficiencies. Applied methods of fractal dimensionality, self-similarity and iteration, the par- ticularities of mountainous town planning, advantages and applications of fractal planning were explored. There are characteristics of double three-dimensional form and circuitous road network in mountainous town planning. Fractal similar planning which is based on mountainous landform esteems adequately and utilizes maximumly these charac- teristics, and constitutes town form and its skyline that is similarly made a compound of artificial space and natural geographical space. A mountainous carriage-way network is fractal similar with a contour line in planar dimension- ality, and a stair street is fractal similar with a hypsography in vertical dimensionality which is perpendicular to a contour line. Mountanious buildings attach themself to rolling ranges. Fractal iteration planning places a design space accorded with landform on the natural geographical space, and deduces a mountainous town configuration where intensively constructive regions alternate with interstices of natural mountains and rivers.