土壤氨挥发的影响因素及其与脲酶活性的关系研究

Influencing Factors on Ammonia Volatilization and its Relations with Urease Activity

氨挥发是氮肥气态损失的一种重要途径,可以降低氮肥的利用率,因此对氨挥发损失影响因素的研究是十分必要的。该文采用"密闭室吸收"法,研究了不同的肥料类型、土壤含水率及施肥深度对氨挥发量、氨累积挥发量的影响,并建立了土壤脲酶活性与氨挥发量的定量关系。研究结果表明:添加硝化抑制剂的大颗粒尿素及单独施用大颗粒尿素处理的氨挥发损失明显高于缓释肥料和添加脲酶抑制剂的稳定性肥料,氨挥发损失随着施肥深度的增加而减小,但土壤含水率对氨挥发损失影响不大;不同肥料类型和不同田间持水量处理下土壤脲酶活性与氨挥发损失具有较好的相关性,但施肥深度对两者相关性的影响不显著。

Ammonia volatilization is one of the important ways for nitrogen fertilizer loss.Therefore,it is necessary to study factors which affect ammonia volatilization.In our study,the effects of fertilizer types,soil moisture and fertilizer application depths on ammonia volatilization of nitrogen fertilizer and soil urease activity were investigated by closed chamber absorption method.The results show that the loss of ammonia volatilization from urea and urea with nitrification inhibitor treatments are much higher than those from slowrelease fertilizer and stability- fertilizer with treatments.The loss of ammonia volatilization decreases when the application depths of fertilizer increase,while the effect of soil moisture on ammonia volatilization is not obvious.In addition,by building the relationship between the soil urease activity and the loss of ammonia volatilization,it is indicated that different from fertilizer types and soil moisture,the application depths impact the ammonia volatilization loss not only by affecting the soil urease activity,but also the ammonia transport process.