2006一2013年武汉市美沙酮维持治疗的调查分析

Survey of Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Wuhan City,2006—2013

目的了解美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)情况,探讨预防吸毒的方法措施。方法对2006年3月—2013年12月首次到华中科技大学同济医学院附属精神卫生中心武汉市第一健康门诊参加MMT患者的"基线调查"资料、一般情况进行分析。结果患者共1 186例,以男性为主,文化程度偏低,以初中及其以下文化程度最多。开展MMT以来,2008年患者最多,2009年以后逐渐减少。MMT治疗取得明显的社会效益,单纯注射吸毒的比例逐年下降,而单纯口吸或烫吸比例逐年升高。患者的经济来源中2009年后固定工资、临时工资的比例明显升高。1 d吸毒费用明显减少。但患者知晓MMT的途径中社区/媒体宣传所占比例一直不高。结论在进行MTT时,应加强社区帮扶、教育宣传工作。

Objective To explore drug abuse prevention measures by surveying the changes before and after methadone maintenance treatment（MMT）. Methods The baseline survey data were obtained from patients who participated in the MTT program for the first time at Wuhan First Health Clinic of Mental Health Center Affiliated to Tongji Medical College between March 2006 and December 2013,and the general conditions of these patients were analyzed. Results There were 1 186 drug abusers, with a male and low education（junior high school and below）dominance. After the initiation of the MMT program,the number of addicted people was highest in 2008,and then gradually decreased after 2009.MMT program achieved obvious social benefits.The proportion of injectable drug use alone was decreased and the rates of oral drug use and snorting were increased over time.Fixed salary and temporary salary were obviously increased in drug abusers after 2009. Daily drug cost was decreased over time. The proportion of community/ media propaganda through which people got to know MMT remained low. Conclusion The community support and educational propaganda should be strengthened at the same time when MMT is carried out.