1Graves,S.B. and N.S. Langowitz. "Innovative Produc- tivity and Returns to Scale in The Pharmaceutical In- dustry."Strategic Management Journal,1993.14.
2Polastro,E."Creating Value Through Effective Drug Substance Sourcing."Contract Pharma(Oct.),2003.
10Jia Zheng-yuan, Li Chuan-cai, Zhou Fan, et al. Study on efficiency of China' s power equipment manufacturing indus- try based on total factor productivity index [ J]. Control and Management, 2012( 144): 609-614.