肉桂酸及其衍生物对双孢蘑菇致腐微生物的体外抑菌效果比较

Antimicrobial Activities of Cinnamic Acid and Its Derivatives to Microorganisms Isolated from Rotten Agaricus bisporus

双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus(Lange)Sing)组织细嫩,营养价值高,采后呼吸代谢旺盛,为微生物的生长繁殖提供了有利条件,但容易引起一些不良的生理反应,加速组织的衰老和腐败,极大地降低了双孢蘑菇的商品价值.本文从腐烂的双孢蘑菇中分离鉴定得到6株细菌和8株真菌,分别为黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens,2株)、产酸克雷伯菌(Klebsiella oxytoca,1株)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter guillouiae,1株)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia sp.,1株)和阿氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter asouriae,1株)以及哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum,5株)、多变根毛霉(Rhizomucor variabilis,1株)、绿色木霉(T.viride,1株)和米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae,1株).分别采用琼脂扩散法和生长速率法测定了肉桂酸及其衍生物对上述细菌和真菌的抑制作用,研究结果表明肉桂酸及衍生物对这些菌株有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制效果的强弱依次为4-甲基肉桂酸>4-甲氧基肉桂酸>肉桂酸>4-羟基肉桂酸.本研究结果可为双孢蘑菇的采后防腐提供依据.

Agaricus bisporus has a vigorous respiration after harvesting, due to its delicate tissue and the high nutritional value, which provides favorable conditions for the growth of microbes, causing some bad physiological reaction, accelerating the aging and corruption,and greatly reducing the commodity value of A. bisporus.We identified six bacterial strains and eight fungal strains from rotten A. bisporus , which are Serratia marcescens （ 2）, Klebsiella oxytoca （ 1 ）, Acinetobacter guillouiae （ 1 ）, Serratia sp. （ 1 ）, Enterobacter asburiae （ 1）, and Trichoderma ha rzianum （ 5）, Rhizornucor variabilis （1）, T. viride （1） and Rhizopus or yzae （ 1 ）. Moreover, antimicrobial activities of cinnamic acid and its derivatives were investigated.The results showed that cinnamic acid and its derivatives exhibited different degrees of the growth inhibition on microbia.The strength of inhibition effects decreases following the sequence of 4-methyl cinnamic acid,4-methoxy cinnamic acid,cinnamic acid and 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid.These results may provide theoretical and practical basis in the application of antimicrobial rotting of postharvest A. bisporus in the future.