工业用平缝机噪声及振动的测试与研究

Test and research of sound and vibration for industrial lockstitch sewing machine

针对工业平缝机产品存在着噪声振动等质量问题,对缝纫机中的电机、上轴、伞齿轮、挑线机构、刺布机构、抬牙送布机构和下轴及旋梭等进行了研究;通过对平缝机噪声及振动的分析,研究了具体的降噪、减振措施和方法,得出了上轴及其零部件是造成主轴回转不平衡的关健的结论。采用了挑线机构和刺布机构的完全平衡设计方法,将曲柄和连杆的铰链中心延长,使连杆的质心移到曲柄和连杆的铰链中心。采用了连杆和曲柄的近似平衡设计方法,该方法一是对曲柄进行了平衡处理,设计调整了连杆的形状,将其质心移到曲柄的铰链回转中心;二是采用近似平衡法,提高了曲柄的平衡精度,使主送布牙和针板平面达到了所需的轨迹。研究结果表明,结合分析结论和采取的措施,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。

Aiming at the noise and vibration problem of industrial lockstitch machines, such as motor, upper shaft, bevel gear, thread take- up mechanism, material stabbing mechanism, feed dog driving mechanism, lower shaft and hook of sewing machine were vesearched. Through analysed noise and vibration of sewing machine, the ways to reduce noise and mitigate vibration were proposed. The upper shaft and its parts were major reasons for conducing the imbalance. A method was presented to achieve balanced design of thread take-up mechanism and material stabbing mechanism, which meant lengthening the hinge center of linking shaft and crank, making the linking-shaft centroid move to the hinge center of crank and linking shaft. The design conshdered both linking bar and crank, kept centroid approximate balance of them. On the one hand, kept the crank balanced, adjusted the shape of linking bar and moved its eentroid to crank＇s hinge center of gyra- tion; On the other hand, adopted approximate balance method, improved crank＇s balance precision ensured that major feed dog and needle plate could reach the expected trajectory. The experimental resuhs indicate through analyzes the conclusion and takes some measures, the feasibility and validity of the design can be demonstrated availably.