商品经济的发展与日本近世身份制度的动摇

The Development of Commodity Economy and the Wavering of Japanese Identity System in the Early Modern Japan

近世日本通过政治强制建立起来的身份制度以保障武士、领主和德川幕府的利益为根本旨归,而商品经济的发展却导致了武士的贫困化和豪农豪商的崛起,这种经济实力的逆转使近世日本的身份制度走向动摇,武士的优位因缺少经济力量的支撑而难以得到保障,下级武士在经济利益和思想意识上与豪农豪商日益一致,并在幕末民族危机的历史背景下结成联盟,成为推翻德川幕府的重要力量。

In the early modern Japan, the fundamental purpose of the Japanese identity system, which was founded forcibly through politics, was to guarantee the benefits of samurai, lord and Tokugawa Bakufu. But the development of commodity economy resulted in the pauperization of samurai and the rise of wealthy farmers and merchants. This reversal of the economic strength led to the wavering of the Japanese identity system in the early modern Japan. And the priority of samurai could hardly be guaranteed due to the lack of the support of economy. Meanwhile, the lower level warriors gradually became consistent with the wealthy farmers and merchants in the economic interests and the ideology, so they made an alliance with the wealthy farmers and merchants under the historical background of the national crisis in the late Edo Pe- riod,which eventually became the important strength to overthrow Tokugawa Bakufu.