海捕野生大黄鱼选育子代生长性能及现实遗传力分析

Realized Heritability and Growth of Offsprings of Wild Large Yellow Croaker Pseudosciaena crocea

以海捕野生大黄鱼为基础群体进行选择育种,其子代与网箱养殖选育群体子代进行比较分析。研究结果显示,野生群体的受精率虽小于对照群体,但孵化率却显著高于对照群体(P<0.05);野生群体的质量绝对增加率[(0.02±0.004)g/d^(0.26±0.081)g/d]、绝对增长率[(0.02±0.008)cm/d^(0.11±0.009)cm/d]、增积量(0.007±0.005~0.153±0.015)和肥满度(1.66±0.18~1.97±0.29)等生长性能均优于对照群体。野生群体的生长性状一开始就显现出现实遗传力,体长和体质量的现实遗传力分别为0.027~0.185和0.001~0.040。对野生群体进行良种群体选育时可以提早根据体长和体质量进行苗种选择淘汰,将节省大量的选育时间和避免后期操作的不便,但野生群体现实遗传力较低,选育应该结合家系选择和家系内选择进行。

The growth performance and realized heritability were compared in offsprings of wild and sea cage-reared large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. The results showed that the wild large yellow croaker had lower fertilization rates than the sea cage-reared did, but significant higher hatching rates than the sea cage-reared did （P〈0.05）. There were higher absolute growth rates in body weight F（0. 02 ± 0. 004） g/d - （0.26±0. 081） g/d], absolute growth rate in body length [-（0.02±0. 008） cm/d -- （0.11 ±0. 009） cm/d, daily length and weight increment （0. 007±0. 005 -- 0. 153 ±0. 015）, and condition fac- tor（1. 664-0.18 -- 1.97±0.29） in the wild large yellow croaker than those in the sea cage-reared. The re- alized heritability was 0. 027 -- 0. 185 in body weight and 0. 001--0. 040 in body length. The findings indi- cate that selective breeding program for wild population is very promising, but family selection and within family selection should be combined due to the relatively low realized heritability.