“他者的单一语言”：地域、语言与文学创作--以阎连科、阿来、董启章、黄锦树、郭小橹为例

Monolingualism of the Other: Space,Language,and Literary Creation——Yan Liank,A Lai,Dung Kai-cheung,Ng Kim Chew,Xiaolu Guo as examples

地域与语言看起来有很密切的关系:许多地区都有一种比较典型的语言或方言,而且会产生一种特殊的话语跟话语团体。自然而然,我们也经常会把文学作品分成不同国家或地域传统,觉得国家或地区会给文学创作提供一些规定性的影响。我们同时也经常认为各个国家或地区都有"自己"较典型的语言或方言,而最代表某一个国家或地区的文学就是用其语言或方言写的。然而德里达的例子就提醒我们语言、地区跟身份没有任何必然性的关系。因此,我们将从地域与语言中,探索民族、身份与文学分类的关系。从中国中原到国外,从阎连科到郭小橹,通过这五个当代文学的例子,发现这些作家的作品中,都强调自己语言所包含的陌生感。这种语言的陌生感代表一种社群中的差异——这种差异不仅是任何社群总是要面对的事实,而且刚好是社群所依靠的一种必然性的根据。另外,虽然地域跟语言经常有非常密切的关系,而且地域文学经常强调代表其地区的语言或方言,可是语言从来不是一种单一的东西,反而是一种群体的创作。因此,在这种意义上,一种地域文学总是不得不是一种跨地域文学。

Geographic space and language appear to have a very close relationship with one another, in that many regions have their own distinction language or dialect, and generate distinction language or discursive communities. Nat- urally, we often categorize literature by national or regional tradition, and feet that a nation or geographic region can play a determining role in shaping a literary work. At the same time, we often assume that each nation or geographic re- gion has ＂its own＂ language or tradition, and the literature that most effectively represents a nation or a region is that which is written in the nation＇ s or region＇ s own language. However, Jacques Derrida reminds us that there is no inher- ent link between language, region, and identity. Therefore, in this paper we will use region and language to explore the relationship between ethnicity, identity, and literary taxonomy. From central China to the Chinese diaspora, from Yan Lianke to Xiaolu Guo, this paper will use five examples from contemporary Chinese literature, to argue that each au- thor, in their own works, emphasizes a sense of alienation with respect to their own language. This sense of linguistic alienation represents a sense of aherity within the community itself--and this aherity is not only a reality that every com- munity must face, but furthermore it is a necessary condition on which the community itself is predicated. In addition, although language and geographic region are often intimately tied to one another, and works of regional literature often emphasize the the language or dialect associated with that region, however, language is never a unitary entity, but rather it is a collective creation. Therefore, in this respect, a regional literary work is always at the same time necessarily a transregional literary work.