《小说理论》中的乌托邦展望

Utopia Prospect in the “Novel Theory”

小说作为现代艺术形式,是在疏离的世界中寻找意义、回归总体性的积极尝试。因为在现代世界中,"理想"与"现实"、"个人"与"时间"的脱节是对乌托邦幻灭的真实写照。而在卢卡奇那里,乌托邦具有双重维度。一方面体现了人之为人的超越维度,另一方面也无情地揭露了这一目标是人所无法到达的存在状态。这一超越本身就蕴含着理想与现实、未来与现存的巨大反差。在《小说理论》的最后,卢卡奇试图突破时间的界限,在陀思妥耶夫斯基那里寻找一种乌托邦世界的可能性,以此表达一种回归总体性的渴望。

As the modem art expression form, the novel attempts to find the meaning and return to the totality in the detachment world, because in the modem world, the disconnect of ＂ideal＂ and ＂reality＂, ＂personal＂ and ＂time＂ is a true portrayal of the Utopian disillusion. In Lukacs there, Utopia has double dimensions. On the one hand, it reflects the transcendence of human being. On the other hand, it also ruthlessly reveals that the goal can＇t be reached by the existence of the state of being. This transcendence is in itself a great contrast to the reality, the future and the present. At the end of the ＂Novel Theory＂, Lukacs tries to break through the limits of time and looking for the possibility of a Utopian world in Dostoyevsky there, as an expression of a desire for totality.