超窄行棉花精量排种器设计与性能试验

Design and experiment of precise metering device for cotton ultra narrow row

【目的】针对目前新疆棉花播种行距大,喷洒脱叶剂受药效果差,导致机械采收采净率偏低的问题,研制了一种播种行距更窄,能实现高度密植的超窄行棉花精量排种器.【方法】对超窄行精量棉花排种器的结构及参数进行理论分析,确定排种器的主要结构与性能参数.以排种器的单粒率、重播率、漏播率为排种性能评价指标,在PSY-1200鸭嘴滚筒式排种器性能实验台上进行排种器转速、负压区相对压力、落种角等运行参数的单因素及正交试验.【结果】经田间测试,当排种器转速为41r/min,负压区相对压力为-4500Pa,落种角为60°时,排种器单粒率为93.5%,重播率为3.8%,漏播率为4.2%,单行株距均匀性变异系数为5.82%,双行行距稳定性变异系数为6.04%.【结论】该排种器最小行距可调至4cm,满足超窄行种植农艺要求且能实现精量播种.

[Objective] To design a gas suction precise metering device to suitable for cotton ultra nar row row planting pattern,in order to meet the machine pick cotton planting patterns of 72 cm4 cm strip cropping pattern and improve the harvest rate of cotton. [Method] The key part construction and design parameters were analyzed. A set of single factor and orthogonal experiments were based on the metering device test bed PSY-1200, determined the relationship of metering device performance （single grain rate, leakage rate of seeding, replay rate） and factors affecting. [Result] According to the field test, when the ro- tational speed of precise metering device was 41 r/min,the vacuum was -4500 Pa,and the seed drop-off angle was 60°,the single grain rate,replay rate and leak seeding rate was 93.5% ,3.8% and 4. 2% ,respective- ly. Single row planting distance uniformity coefficient of variation was 5.82%, and the stability of the double line spacing variation coefficient was 6.04%. [Conclusion] The metering device minimum spacing can be adjusted to 4 cm, satis{y the ultra narrow row planting agronomic requirements and can achieve precise seeding.