从人民制宪到宪法实施:我国政治宪法学的法社会学反思

From Constitution Enactment to Constitution Enforcement: A Reflection on China's Political Constitutionalism From the Perspective View of Sociology of Law

我国近些年来出现的政治宪法学,以宪法的"政治性"为主轴。通过对人民主权的重新界定,政治宪法学创造性地发掘出"人民制宪权",并在此基础上阐述了一个从"非常政治"过渡到"转型政治"再过渡到"日常政治"的三阶历史逻辑。人民制宪有助于打破既有宪制的沉闷格局,但重新唤醒政治主权的结果却有可能引发破窗效应:一旦现行宪法的"法律性"遭到否定,则有可能会从根本上动摇中国法治的根基。宪法的制定离不开社会发展的整体环境。中国宪法在规范社会现实时所遇到的各种问题,最终都必须通过社会层面上的不断改革才能解决。

The recent-emerging political constitutionalism is a theory revolving around the 'political features' of constitution. Through the redefinition of people's sovereignty, political constitutionalism created a concept of 'people's constituent power',on the basis of which a three-rank historical logic was established from 'unusual politics' to 'transitional politics'and then to 'normal politics'. The introduction of people into constitution enactment helps break the deadlock of the current constitutionalism, but arousing political sovereignty may trigger broken window effect: once the 'legality' of constitution is denied, the foundation of China's rule of law is very likely to be undermined radically. Constitution enactment necessitates integral environment ofsocial development. All problems China's constitution has met in regulating social realities can ultimately be solved by incessant social reforms.