地区财政分权与农村义务教育配置效率:以江西为例

Area Fiscal Decentralization and Rural Compulsory Education Resource Allocation Efficiency— An Empirical Case Study of Jiangxi Province

基于萨缪尔森条件及供给—需求模型,采用SSM信息准则及动态主成分对财政分权、教育产出及受益指标进行优化,对江西农村义务教育配置效率进行了实证研究。研究发现:农村义务教育有效供给存在普遍短缺的情况,配置效率差异呈逐步增大的趋势。财政分权虽然能够促进教育财政支出的增长,但教育财政支出的增长并没有有效转化为农村义务教育产出,部分地方政府对教育财政政策表现出应激行为与短期效应;需求方面,财政分权通过激励经济发展,降低农村恩格尔系数与生育率,增强农村居民接受义务教育产出的偏好与能力,进而提升农村义务教育配置效率。

Based on the Samuelson condition and supply-demand model, with the methods of SSM information criterion and dynamic principal component, the author had optimized variables such as fiscal decentralization, education outputs and education benefit before the empirical study of the allocation efficiency of compulsory education in rural Jiangxi. The study found that the supply of rural compulsory education resource was in an overall shortage and the discrepancy in allocation efficiency was greater. While fiscal decentralization promoted the growth of public expenditures on education, the expanding expenditures have not been effectively translated into outputs for rural compulsory education. Several local governments even coped education fiscal policies with stress and short-term sight. As for demands, fiscal decentralization encouraged growth, reduced fertility and rural Engel coefficient, enhanced the capabilities and preferences of rural residents to accepting compulsory education,, so as to elevate allocation efficiency of compulsory education in rural areas.