有机线粒体及线粒体巯基荧光探针研究进展

Research progress in organic mitochondria and mitochondrial thiol fluorescent probes

线粒体是一种重要的细胞器,对细胞的存亡起着至关重要的作用,与细胞凋亡和分化、机体衰老、老年痴呆、癌症等密切相关。同时线粒体内许多活性小分子对生命过程也起着至关重要的影响,其中线粒体内巯基分子,如半胱氨酸、高半胱氨酸和还原谷胱甘肽等,在细胞生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。因此,可视化监测线粒体自身及内部巯基分子对于生命现象的研究以及疾病的诊断与治疗具有重要的科学意义。荧光分析法具有灵敏度高、选择性好、检测成本低以及对生物体损伤小等优点而得到了广泛的研究和应用。双光子荧光探针技术具有高度的三维空间选择性、大的穿透深度、避免荧光漂白和光致毒以及降低组织自发荧光干扰等特点,为生命科学的研究提供了重要工具。介绍了有机单光子和双光子线粒体以及线粒体巯基荧光探针的研究现状,同时展望了它们今后的研究方向。

Mitochondria,as an important organelle,plays a key role in cell survival and is closely related to cell apoptosis and differentiation,organism aging,alzheimer＇s disease,cancer,etc. Meanwhile,many active small molecules in mitochondria also extend an important influence on life process. Among them,many important thiols in mitochondria,such as cysteine（ Cys）,homocysteine（ Hcy） and glutathione（ GSH）,play an important role in cell physiological and pathological processes. Therefore,visual monitoring of mitochondrial itself and the internal thiols is of great importance for the research of biological phenomenon,disease diagnosis and treatment.Fluorescence methods have been extensively studied and applied due to high sensitivity,good selectivity,low lost and little damage to organisms. The two-photon fluorescent probe technique provides an important tool for the research in life science due to many advantages,such as high three-dimensional spatial selectivity,large penetration depth,avoidance of photodamage and photobleaching lower tissue auto-fluorescence, etc. The research status of organic one-photon and two-photon mitochondria and mitochondrial thiol fluorescent probes were introduced,and their developement trends of in the future were prospected.