长鳍金枪鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白肽制备工艺的研究

Study on the Preparation of Collagen Peptide from Albacore Tuna Skin

以长鳍金枪鱼鱼皮为原料,采用碱热复合酶三步水解法制备胶原蛋白多肽。以水解度、氮回收率和水解产物分子量为指标,通过单因素和多因素正交设计试验,确定最佳酶解条件。结果表明：碱处理为第一步,鱼皮经过0.1 mol/L Ca（OH）2反复清洗数次,最后清水冲洗干净;热处理为第二步,鱼皮于水浴锅中90℃处理30 min;酶解为第三步,梯度加入碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和风味酶,酶解的最佳工艺条件为：复合酶料比1∶200（g/g）,料水比1∶2.5（g/m L）,酶解温度55℃,p H为9.0～6.5,酶解总时间为4 h,水解度平均能达到30%,酶解液脱色的最佳条件为,活性炭添加量2%,自然pH,温度70℃,时间30 min,经过浓缩喷雾干燥后的胶原蛋白粉末经过HPLC分析,得到分子量在3 kD以下的多肽占到85%以上。

The collagen peptide from albacore tuna skins had been extracted by alkali,heating,and compound enzyme,collectively. Taking the degree of hydrolysis,nitrogen recovery and molecular weight as index,the optimal conditions of enzymolysis were ascertained on the basis of single factor experiments and orthogonal array design. The results showed that,whole process could be divided into three steps：the first step was alkali treat ment, the albacore tuna skins were washed with 0. 1 mol / L Ca（OH）2and fresh water for several times;the second step was heating treatment,the skins were being heated to 90 ℃ and lasted for 30 min;and the last step was compound enzyme treatment,the alcalase,neutral protease,and flavourzyme were added into the reaction system,and eventually,the optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined as follows：the ratio of compound enzyme to skin was 1 ∶ 200（ g/g）,the ratio of skin to water was 1 ∶ 2.5（ g/m L）,the temperature was 55 ℃,the p H was 9.0-6.5,and the time was 4 h,resulting in the generation of hydrolysate with average hydrolysis degree, up to 30 %;and the optimal decoloration conditions were as follows,activated carbon addition content 2 %,p H natural, temperature 70 ℃,time 30 min. The collagen peptide was analysed and detected through HPLC,showing that under 3 k D molecular weight of accounted for more than 85 % after concentrating and spray drying.