湖南省内三种主要胸部X射线摄影检查设备所致受检者剂量水平的初步调查与分析

Research on doses to patient receiving from main types of chest X- ray examinations in Hunan province

采用分层抽样方法,选取了湖南省35家医院的607例受检者,借助于热释光剂量仪,通过对不同级医院、不同类型设备、不同千伏模式所致受检者剂量的比较,调查了湖南省内三种主要胸部X射线摄影设备所致受检者入射体表剂量(ESD)水平。初步得出如下结论,对于胸部X射线摄影,高千伏模式所致受检者的平均入射体表剂量要小于低千伏模式;由于普通X射线机、CR、DR成像处理能力不同,这三种设备所致受检者入射体表剂量一般呈现普通X射线机>CR>DR的规律;这三种设备在不同规模医院的分布现状,在一定的层面上可以反映出,不同级医院胸部X射线摄影所致受检者的平均入射体表剂量有如下规律:一级医院>二级医院>三级医院。普通X射线摄影给受检者带来较大的辐射风险,在用它对受检者进行胸部摄影时,医师要做好适应症分析,同时,在不影响诊断的前提下,工作人员应尽量按"高电压、低电流、厚过滤、小照射野"的原则选取合适的条件曝光。

With the aid of Thermoluminescent Dosimeter,survey client entrance surface dose（ ESD）level caused by three main chest X- ray photography equipment in Hunan province. By stratified sampling method,35 hospitals are selected,607 cases of client are selected totally. Through the comparison of ESD caused by different types of equipment,in different level of hospitals,on different modes of k V,come to the following preliminary conclusions： for chest X- ray photography,the average ESD caused by high k V mode is lower than low k V mode; due to the different processing capacity of common X- ray,CR,DR imaging,the ESD caused by the three kinds of equipment usually follow the rule of X- ray machine 〉CR 〉DR; the current distribution status of these three equipment in different scale hospitals,to a certain level,can reflect average ESD caused by chest X- ray photography in different level hospitals following the rule of primary hospital 〉secondary hospital 〉tertiary hospital.Ordinary X- ray photography brings a greater risk of radiation to the client. When use it to do chest X-ray photography on client,physicians should do well indications analysis. At the same time,on the premise of no affecting to diagnosis,the staff should select appropriate exposure conditions according to the principle of ＂high voltage,low current,thick filter,little radiation field＂.