青海省藏系绵羊引起人间鼠疫的流行病学特征分析

Epidemic analysis of human plague caused by Tibetan sheep in Qinghai Province

目的分析青海省藏系绵羊引起的人间鼠疫流行及其危险因素。方法青海省1956—2014年藏系绵羊引起的人间鼠疫背景资料来源于青海省鼠疫监测报告和鼠疫防治信息资料库。对数据进行分析．描述地区、时间分布等。结果1956—1997年，青海省藏系绵羊引起人间鼠疫16起，发病69人，死亡42人，病死率为60．9％；1998—2014年，未发生藏系绵羊引起的人间鼠疫。首发病例均为牧民，因剥、食、接触病死于鼠疫的藏系绵羊而发病。玉树州藏系绵羊引起的人间鼠疫10起，占62．5％（10／16），其次为果洛州3起，占18．8％（10／16）；海西州和海北州分别为2、l起，各占12．5％（2／16）和6．2％（1／16）；发病时间为5—11月。结论藏系绵羊感染鼠疫可波及人类，应加强鼠防知识宣传，降低人类感染鼠疫的风险。

Objective To analyze the epidemics and risk factors of human plague caused by Tibetan sheep in Qinghai Province. Methods The background data of human plague caused by Tibetan sheep in Qinghai Province from 1956 to 2014 were obtained from the plague surveillance reports and the information database of plague prevention and control in Qinghai Province. The data were analyzed, and area and time distributions were described. Results A total of 16 human plague cases caused by Tibetan sheep were found in Qinghai Province from 1956 to 1997, with 69 cases reported and 42 cases dead, the mortality rate was 60.9%. There was no human plague case caused by Tibetan sheep from 1998 to 2014. All of the initial cases were herdsman whose infection was due to eating or contacting Tibetan sheep died of plague. Ten human plague cases caused by Tibetan sheep occurred in Yushu Prefecture, accounted for 62.5%, 3 in Guoluo Prefecture, accounted for 18.8%, 2 and 1 in Haixi Prefecture and Haibei Prefecture, respectively, accounted for 12.5% and 6.2% each. The human plague cases caused by Tibetan sheep mainly occurred from May to November. Corlcluslons Tibetan sheep infected with the plague can spread it to humans. To reduce the risk of human plague caused by Tibetan sheep, the plague prevention and control departments need to increase the publicity of the plague and enhance herdsmen＇s knowledge on plague prevention.