乌鲁木齐市高危地区布鲁菌病调查结果分析

Analysis of a survey results on brucellosis in high-risk areas of Urumqi

目的了解乌鲁木齐辖区布鲁菌病（简称布病）高危地区人群的布病感染现状和流行病学特征，为布病防控提供依据。方法选择乌鲁木齐市的达坂城区、高新区、米东区、乌鲁木齐县作为调查点，每个调查点的所有乡镇按照牧区、半农半牧区、农区分类，每类乡镇抽取150—200名居民作为调查对象。收集调查对象的基本人口学信息，并采集血样，进行血清学检测。采用虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）进行初筛，RBPT阳性者进～步做试管凝集试验（SAT）进行确证。观察不同地区、性别、年龄、职业暴露布病感染率的差异，率的比较采用x2检验。结果共调查535例居民，布病阳性感染率为5．42％（29／535）。其中，达坂城区布病感染率为10．34％（12／116），高于高新区[2．94％（3／102）]和乌鲁木齐县[2．58％（4／155），x2=4．643、7．199，P均〈O．05]，4个地区阳性感染率比较，差异有统计学意义（x2=9．327，P〈0．05）；中等暴露职业人群感染率为8．33％（24／288），高于低暴露职业人群[0（0／61）]和高暴露职业人群[2．72％（5／184），x2=5．459、6．140，P均〈0．05]，3类职业人群布病感染率比较差异有统计学意义（x2=10．846，P〈0．05）；不同年龄、不同民族的布病感染率比较差异均无统计学意义（x2=2．396、4．639，P均〉0．05）。结论乌鲁木齐市仍然存在布病高危地区，今后应加强健康教育宣传工作，提高居民的自我防护意识。

Objective The main purpose is to investigate the status of brucellosis infection in high-risk areas of Urumqi and population characteristics, and to provide a basis for prevention of brucellosis. Methods In Urumqi City, Dabancheng District, Gaoxin District, Midong, Zone and Urumqi County were selected as survey sites; according to pastoral, agro-pastoral and agricultural, all towns in each survey site were classified into three categories; 150 to 200 residents in each township were selected as subjects. Basic demographic information was collected, and blood samples were collected for serological detection, rose bengal plate agglutination test （RBPT） was used for preliminary screening, RBPT positive persons were further confirmed by standard tube agglutination test （SAT）. Different regions, gender, age, occupation, exposure difference and brucellosis infection rates were studied. X2 test was used to compare rates. Results The infection rate was 5.42% （29/535）. Furthermore, the infection rate of the Dabancheng District [10.34% （12/116）] was higher than those of Gaoxin District [2.94% （3/102）] and Urumqi County [2.58% （4/155）, X2 = 4.643, 7.199, all P 〈 0.05], the differences were statistically significant （X2 = 9.327, P 〈 0.05）. Besides, infection rate of the average exposure occupation [8.33% （24/288）] was higher than those of low exposure occupation [0（0/61）] and high exposure occupation [2.72% （5/184）, X2 = 5.459, 6.140, all P 〈 0.05]. The differences were statistically significant （X2 = 10.846, P 〈 0.05）. The differences of infection rates in ages and nations showed no statistical significance （X2 = 2.396, 4.639, all P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions High risk areas of brucellosis are still exist in Urumqi. Health education should be strengthened in the future, in order to enhance residents＂ self-protection awareness in exposed population.