库尔勒香梨树体氮素吸收和积累特征

Characteristics on Nitrogen Absorption and Accumulation of Korla Fragrant Pear Tree

以6年树龄库尔勒香梨为试材,在香梨园科学施肥的基础上,采用整体挖掘和分器官解剖的方法对香梨进行氮素吸收、积累规律研究。结果表明:库尔勒香梨单株树体在年生长周期内从土壤中吸收氮素总量为96.11 g,其中开花期吸收氮素占20.86%,坐果期吸收氮素占27.93%,膨果期吸收氮素占41.62%,开花期、坐果期和膨果期是库尔勒香梨树体氮素营养的3个关键时期。年生长期内库尔勒香梨树体叶片携带走的氮量为38.74 g,占总吸收量的40.31%。果实携带走的氮量为24.45 g,占总吸收量的25.44%。库尔勒香梨树体各器官中以当年新生器官叶和果实为主要的氮吸收、积累和分配部位。6年树龄库尔勒香梨以产量5.77 t/hm^2(12.82 kg/plant)为生产目标时,推荐施氮量为135.25 kg/hm^2。

Based on the scientific fertilization in Korla fragrant pear orchard,the 6 years Korla fragrant pear was taken as experimental material,and the regularity of nitrogen absorption and accumulation of Korla fragrant pear tree were studied with the method of the whole excavation and the organ dissection. The results showed that the single Korla fragrant pear tree could absorb nitrogen 96. 11 g from the soil in the annual growth,which the nitrogen absorption of flower stage accounted for 20. 86 %,the nitrogen absorption of fruit setting stage accounted for 27.93 %,and the nitrogen absorption of fruit expanding stage accounted for 41. 26 %,flower stage,fruit setting stage and fruit expanding stage were the three key period of nitrogen nutrition of Korla fragrant pear tree. Korla fragrant pear leaves carried away of nitrogen 38. 74 g in the annual growth,which accounted for 40. 31 % of total nitrogen absorption. Korla fragrant pear fruits carried away of nitrogen 24. 45 g in the annual growth,which accounted for 25. 44 % of total nitrogen absorption. The new organs leaves and fruits were the main sites of nitrogen absorption,accumulation and distribution in the various organs of Korla fragrant pear tree. Took the yield 5. 77 t / hm^2（12. 82 kg / plant）of the 6 years Korla fragrant pear as the production target,and the recommended quantity of N was 135. 25 kg / hm^2.