长期偏施氮肥及与磷钾肥配施对番茄光合特性及产量的影响

Effect of Long-term Nitrogen and Mixed with Phosphate and Potassic Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Tomatoes

本试验以长期定位施肥试验为平台,以番茄为研究对象,研究了长期偏施氮肥及与磷钾肥配施对番茄干物质的积累、光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明：施有机肥处理的株高、茎粗及叶面积均大于单施无机肥处理,株高、茎粗增幅分别达3.17%~10.27%和3.59%~18.80%。始收期番茄干物质显著增加,主要分配到果实和叶片,而分配到根的比例最低。平均值分别为55.34%、25.79%、16.61%,而根中比例为2.26%。长期单施无机氮肥或配施P、K肥都可以显著地提高番茄叶片的叶绿素含量和光合速率,特别是配施K肥有明显的促进作用。配施K肥处理的番茄叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著小于配施P的处理,表明施K能促进气孔开放,加强蒸腾的作用。

The trial fertilization experiment with 12 treatments was conducted to explore the effects of fertilizations on the physiological,ecological characteristics,material accumulation and distribution and photosynthetic characteristics of tomatoes. The results showed that the height,the stem diameter and the leaf area of organic fertilized plants were greater than those of inorganic fertilized plants. The height and the stem diameter increased by 3. 17 %- 10. 27 % and 3. 59 %- 18. 80 % respectively,and the leaf area performed NPK NP NK,N2 N1 N0. In first harvest period,the dry matter of tomatoes increased significantly,most assigned to the fruit and leaves,least assigned to the root. The average ratios were 55. 34 %,25. 79 % and 16. 61 %,while the ratio in the root was 2. 26 %. Long-term application of inorganic nitrogen separately or combined usage of P and K fertilizer could significantly promote the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves,especially combination with K. At the same time,K also could promote the stoma opening and strengthen the transpiration.