近10年来中国农作物秸秆资源量的时空分布与利用模式

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Crop Straw Resources in Past 10 Years in China and Its Use Pattern

利用《中国统计年鉴》2002-2011年的统计资料和数据,筛选出合适的秸秆系数,对全国主要农作物秸秆生物质资源的蕴藏量进行定量测算,并对其时空分布利用模式进行研究,旨在为促进秸秆资源的综合利用与相关行业部门提供参考。结果表明：1全国农作物秸秆总蕴藏量从2002年的59 886×10~4t增加到2011年的74 153×10~4t,年均增加2.38%;2同年度4类秸秆产量分别呈现稻草〉玉米桔〉麦秸〉豆秸趋势;32011年全国秸秆总蕴藏量中,稻草27%、麦秸19%、玉米桔27%、甘蔗桔7%、油菜桔5%、豆秸4%、棉柴3%、花生桔2%、其他秸秆6%;中南29%、华东24%、东北16%、西南12%、华北11%、西北8%。4秸秆养畜、秸秆还田和秸秆能源化是秸秆综合利用的主要3大模式。

Using the statistical data of China Statistical Yearbook from 2002 to 2011,the suitable ratio of the main crop straw resources in China was screened out,the reserves of the main crop straw resources in China were quantitatively measured,its spatial and temporal distributions of 10 years in China by patterns were studied to provide a reference for the relevant industrial policies. The results showed that：（i）The straw physical reserves of 2002,2011 were 59 886 and 74 153 × 104 t,respectively,with average annual increase of 2. 38 %.（ii） The output of main crop straw resources in the same year was in order of rice straw corn stalk wheat straw bean straw.（iii） The reserves of the main crop straw resources in 2011 were rice straw 27 %,wheat straw 19 %,corn stalk 27 %,bagasse 7 %,rape stalk 5 %,bean straw 4 %,cotton stalk 3 %,peanut straw 2 %,other crops straw 6 % and central south 29 %,east China 24 %,northeast 16 %,southwest 12 %,north China 11 %,northwest 8 %.（iv） The main use patterns of crop straw resources in China were straw livestock,returning field of straw and stalks of energy.