水氮耦合对烟株生长、产量及主要化学成分的影响

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Growth,Production and Main Chemical Composition of Oriental Tobacco Plant

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同施氮量（N1：0.40 g/株,N2：0.55 g/株,N3：0.70 g/株）和浇水量（土壤含水量占田间最大持水量W1：40%-45%,W2：60%-65%,W3：80%-85%）对烟株生长、产量及主要化学成分的影响。结果表明,施氮量相同时,增加浇水量能够显著改善烟株的农艺性状,增加产量,且在高氮（0.70 g/株）水平下表现更为明显;浇水量相同时,增加施氮量同样能显著改善烟株农艺性状,增加香料烟产量,且在高浇水量（田间最大持水量的80%-85%）条件下表现更为明显。对化学成分的影响表现为在低氮（0.40 g/株）和高氮（0.70 g/株）水平下,增加浇水量能够降低烟叶全氮含量,增加烟碱含量,降低氮碱比,利于烟叶品质提高。总体来看,施氮量为0.70 g/株、土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的80%-85%时,烟株生长状况最佳,烟叶产量最高,烟叶品质最好。

The effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth,yield,the main chemical composition and nutrient uptake of oriental tobacco were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that when nitrogen application rate was certain,the plant height,stem girth,root length and root volume of oriental tobacco plant increased with the increasing of water quantity,and it became more obvious when nitrogen application rate was 0. 70 g per plant. Meanwhile,when water quantity was certain,the agronomic characters and yield improved with the increasing of nitrogen application rate,and the change became more obvious when soil water content was 80 %- 85 % of the field maximum moisture capacity. The ratio of nitrogen to nicotine in tobacco leaves could be reduced by increasing water quantity in a moderate amount of nitrogen application rate（0. 40 g per plant or 0. 70 g per plant）. Conclusively,the highest yield and the best quality of oriental tobacco could be obtained when nitrogen application rate was 0. 70 g per plant and soil water content was 80 %- 85 % of the field maximum moisture capacity.