被遗忘权在我国人格权中的定位与适用

The Position and Practice of the Right to Be Forgotten in Chinese Personal Rights System

"被遗忘权"在欧盟个人信息立法改革中的存废问题扑朔迷离,至今尚未有定论。被遗忘权是信息主体要求信息控制者删除过时的、可能导致其社会评价降低的信息的权利,其来源于人们控制个人信息的需求。该"信息"包括网络信息与纸质信息,并特指在过去发布但仍保留至今的信息。被遗忘权是一种约定俗成的表达,其实质上不是一种具体的人格权,而是个人信息权的权能之一。我国现有立法已有与被遗忘权相对应的请求权基础,但其法律位阶过低及立法分散的现象也亟待完善。与此同时,对被遗忘权的保护应有所限制,在利益冲突时应让位于言论自由、人文社科研究和社会公共利益的需要。

In the reformation of personal data legislation in European Union,whether the right to be forgotten will be eventually and officially admitted still remains unknown. The right to be forgotten allows individuals to delete old and negative personal information,which includes both paper and digital information. The right to be forgotten has roots in individuals＇ desire to control their personal data. In fact,this right is not a real type of civil rights but a part of the personal information right. In China,some existing laws can be used to protect the right to be forgotten,but they are not powerful or effective enough. In some cases,the guard for the right should be restrained,and the right to be forgotten can not take precedence over freedom of expression,the public interests and humanities and social science research.