太平洋战争后期美国对中国东北政策的转变

Change of American Policy toward Manchuria during Later Period of Pacific War

太平洋战争后期,日本即将失败,对于其占领下的中国东北如何安排成为美国战后远东安排的重要问题。出于加速对日战争胜利和实现美国战后规划的目标,美国对于该地区的政策也根据中国的局势和对苏态度的变化而不断作出调整,可分为归还中国东北全部主权;割让部分东北主权换取苏联早日对日作战;遏制苏联在中国东北扩张势力三个阶段。太平洋战争后期的大部分时间里,迅速击败日本的考虑决定了美国对中国东北的政策,只是到了苏联确定参战,且原子弹试验成功,太平洋战争结局已定,苏联在亚洲的扩张才成为美国对中国东北政策的首要考虑因素。

During the later period of Pacific War,Japan was on the way to be defeated. How to arrange Manchuria ruled by Japan became an important issue of American arrangement of Far East after the ending of the war. Considering the goals of accelerating the victory of Anti-Japanese War and the accomplishment of American post-war planning,America has constantly made adjustment according to Chinese situation and attitude towards Soviet Union,which included three phrases： returning all sovereignty of Manchuria to China;cutting part of sovereignty of Manchuria to exchange for the promise of Soviet Union to fight against Japan as soon as possible; containing Soviet Union＇s expansion in Manchuria. During most of the time of the late period of Pacific War,the consideration of defeating Japan rapidly determined American strategy towards Manchuria. Only when Soviet Union conformed definitely to join the war,America accomplished the experiment of atomic bomb and Pacific War had a certain end,has Soviet Union＇s expansion in Asia become the priority point of American consideration of Manchuria policy.