23价肺炎疫苗联合流感疫苗对老年呼吸系统疾病的防治效果观察

Efficacy of 23-valent pneumonia vaccine combined with influenza vaccine for prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in elderly individuals

目的观察23价肺炎疫苗联合流行性感冒(流感)疫苗防治老年呼吸系统疾病的临床效果。方法呼吸系统疾病老年患者216例,随机分成对照组和疫苗组,每组108例。对照组给予常规对症治疗,疫苗组在常规对症治疗的基础上给予23价肺炎球菌疫苗0.5 ml、流感病毒裂解疫苗0.5 ml肌肉注射,并在第2年再次注射流感病毒裂解疫苗0.5 ml。随访2年,观察两组患者流感病毒感染次数、肺炎链球菌肺炎感染次数、继发肺部真菌感染次数、真菌耐药病发作次数、症状发作次数、感染症状发作持续时间、感染症状发作间隔时间、住院次数、住院时间和病死率。结果随访期内,疫苗组流感病毒感染次数、肺炎链球菌感染次数、继发肺部真菌感染次数、真菌耐药病发作次数、症状发作次数均少于对照组(P<0.05);感染症状发作持续时间、住院次数、住院时间短于对照组,感染症状发作间隔时间长于对照组,病死率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论肺炎疫苗联合流感疫苗能有效减少老年呼吸道疾病患者的流感病毒感染、肺炎链球菌感染、继发肺部真菌感染、真菌耐药病及症状发作次数,延长感染症状发作间隔时间,减少住院次数及住院时间,降低病死率。

Objective To observe the efficacy of 23-valent pneumonia vaccine combined with influenza vaccine for preventing and treating respiratory diseases in elderly individuals. Methods A total of 216 elderly patients with respiratory diseases were enrolled, and were randomly divided into control group and vaccine group, with 108 cases in each group. The control group received the routine symptomatic treatment. The vaccine group was intramuscularly injected with 23-valent pneumonia vaccine（0.5 ml） and influenza vaccine（0.5 ml） on the basis of routine symptomatic treatment, and was injected with split influenza vaccination （0.5 ml） in the next year. During the two-year follow-up ,the frequencies of influenza infection, pneumocoeeal infection, secondary pulmonary fungi infection, fungi drug resistance attack and symptom attack, the duration of infection symptom attack, the interval of infection symptom attack, times of hospitalization, hospital stay and fatality rate were observed in both groups. Results During the follow-up, and the frequencies of influenza infection, pneumoeoccal infection and secondary pulmonary fungi infection, fungi drug resistance attack and symptom attack in the vaccine group were less than those in the control group（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The duration of infection symptom attack, times of hospitalization, hospital stay and fatality rate were less, the interval of infection symptom attack was longer, and the fatality rate was lower in the vaccine group compared to control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion For the elderly patients with respiratory diseases, the combination of pneumonia vaccine and influenza vaccine can effectively reduce the frequencies of influenza infection, pneumococcal infection, secondary pulmonary fungi infection and fungi drug resistance and symptom attack, prolong the interval of infection symptom attack, reduce the times of hospitalization and shorten hospital stay, and reduce the fatality rate.