梨园不同蜜蜂的传粉行为比较

Comparison of Pollination Behavior of Different Honey Bees in Pear Garden

为筛选出梨树最佳授粉蜂种,对9个蜜蜂品种（系）在‘砀山酥梨’园的传粉行为进行了比较。试验从出巢温度、首次携粉回巢温度、梨花粉的采集能力、所采花粉中梨花粉所占比例等方面开展研究。结果发现中华蜜蜂出巢温度8.2℃,显著低于西方蜜蜂,西方蜜蜂在9.2~10℃之间出巢飞行。‘喀阡黑环系’携粉回巢温度为11℃,在所有蜂种中最低;所有蜂种均可在11~13.9℃携粉回巢。‘喀阡黑环系’、卡尼鄂拉2个蜂种1 h花粉采集重量分别为7.3、8.1 g,且梨花粉采集重量及比例均高于其他蜂种。‘喀阡黑环系’、卡尼鄂拉2个蜂种能够适应低温环境采集,且对梨花粉采集能力强,是梨树授粉的优良蜂种。

In order to screen out the optimum honey bee for pear pollination, the foraging behavior of ninesubspecies and strains were compared in Pyrus bretschneideri‘Dangshansuli＇garden. The temperature offoraging and first returning with pollen, foraging capacity for pear pollen and proportion of pear pollen in all thepollen were researched. The results showed that the temperature when Apis cerana cerana began to forage was8.2℃, which was lower than that of Apis mellifera（9.2-10℃）. The temperature when Apis mellifera‘KaqianBlack Ring Bee＇returned with pollen was 11℃, which was the lowest, and all the nine honey bees were able toreturn with pollen at the temperature of 11-13.9℃. Apis mellifera‘Kaqian Black Ring Bee＇and Apis mellifera carnica collected 7.3 and 8.1 g pollen respectively in an hour, and the proportion of pear pollen and weight ofpear pollen they collected were larger than that of others. So Apis mellifera‘Kaqian Black Ring Bee＇and Apis mellifera carnica were excellent for pear pollination with coldness adaptability and strong capacity.