不同施肥制度对稻田耕层土壤的环境质量效应

Effects of Different Fertilization Systems on Environment Quality of Paddy Soil

利用不同施肥制度的4年定位试验数据,研究源自规模养殖场猪粪便的有机肥、沼液肥对稻田耕层土壤pH,汞、镉、铬、铅、镍、砷、铜、锌含量的影响及产生的环境质量效应。结果显示:施用有机肥、沼液肥对土壤pH有调节作用,有机肥的调酸效果好于沼液肥,高量有机肥的调酸效果好于中量施用;施用有机肥、沼液肥对土壤镉、铬、砷、汞、铅、镍含量无明显影响,但铜、锌积累明显。施用有机肥、沼液肥对土壤环境质量影响大于施用化肥;当有机肥年投入量为22500 kg/hm^2时,连续4年施用即可造成稻田土壤铜、锌污染;当有机肥投入量为11250 kg/hm^2或沼液肥年投入量为225000~450000kg/hm^2时,也能使稻田土壤处于污染的警戒范围。初步认为,11250 kg/hm^2有机肥、450000 kg/hm^2沼液肥可作为推荐施肥用量,但应避免在同一地块连续施用。

The effects of organic and biogas slurry fertilizer from pig manure of a large scale farm on paddy soilp H, Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, As, Cu and Zn content and environment quality were studied based on data from a 4-year location test of different fertilization systems. The results showed that the application of organic and biogasslurry fertilizer regulated soil p H, the regulation effect of organic fertilizer on acid was better than that of biogasslurry fertilizer, and the regulate effect of high amount organic fertilizer on acid was better than that of mediumamount organic fertilizer. The application of organic and biogas slurry fertilizer had no obvious effect on soilCd, Cr, As, Hg, Pb and Ni content, but the accumulation of Cu and Zn was obvious. In terms of the influence onsoil environment quality, the application of organic and biogas slurry fertilizer had more effect than that ofchemical fertilizer, the pollution of Cu and Zn in soil could be caused by 4-year application of organic fertilizerwith the application amount of 22500 kg/hm^2 per year. The pollution might be in an alert range when organicfertilizer application amount was 11250 kg/hm^2 or biogas slurry fertilizer application amount was 225000~450000 kg/hm^2. The recommended application amount was organic fertilizer 11250 kg/hm^2 and biogas slurryfertilizer 450000 kg/hm^2, and consecutive application in the same field should be avoided.