艾比湖地区融雪期梭梭和柽柳林地土壤酶活性研究

Soil Enzyme Activity of Haloxylon Ammondendron and Tamarix Chinensis Forest Land in Ebinur Lake Region during Snow Melting Period

融雪期作为土壤冻融作用的一个特定时期,对土壤酶活性具有重要影响。为深入了解干旱荒漠区主要优势种融雪期土壤生态过程,于2013年3月,对艾比湖2种典型荒漠林地进行野外实地观测、采样和室内分析。研究表明：（1）梭梭林地和柽柳林地土壤理化特征除全盐含量随土层深度的增加而持续降低外,其余各理化因子均在浅层（5~20 cm）处呈小范围集聚随后显著降低;（2）土壤酶活性的变化中,过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶随土层深度的增加呈规律性变化,脲酶在表层（0~5 cm）和较深层（20~40 cm）表现为：柽柳林地〉梭梭林地,蔗糖酶活性除表层（0~5 cm）表现为：柽柳林地〉梭梭林地外,浅层（5~20 cm）和较深层（20~40 cm）土壤酶活性均表现为：梭梭林地〉柽柳林地;（3）2种荒漠林地3大微生物数量表现为：细菌〉真菌〉放线菌,且以细菌和放线菌占主导,说明温度较低的3月细菌活性仍较强,依旧是土壤中主要的微生物类群。

As a specific period with soil freeze-thaw action, the snow melting period has important influenceson soil enzyme activity. In order to deeply learn about soil ecological processes of major dominant species indry desert areas during the snow melting period, 2 typical kinds of desert forest land in Ebinur Lake Regionwere observed and samples were taken in field, and then an indoor analysis was carried out in March, 2013.Research results showed that：（1） as for soil physical and chemical characteristics of Haloxylon ammondendron forest land and Tamarix chinensis forest land, the total salt content continuously decreased along with theincrease of soil layer depth, while all the other physical and chemical factors gathered in a small scope andthen decreased obviously in shallow layers（5-20 cm）;（2） with regard to changes of soil enzyme activity, theactivity of catalase and protease varied regularly with the increase of soil layer depth, wherein the ureaseactivity in surface layer（0- 5 cm） and relatively deep layer（20- 40 cm） of Tamarix chinensis forest landexceeded that of Haloxylon ammondendron forest land, the activity of sucrose in surface layer（0- 5 cm） of Tamarix chinensis forest land exceeded that of Haloxylon ammondendron forest land, and the soil enzyme activity in shallow layer（5-20 cm） and relatively deep layer（20-40 cm） of Haloxylon ammondendron forestland exceeded that of Tamarix chinensis forest land;（3） the quantity sequence of 3 major microorganisms in 2types of desert forest land was bacteriafungusactinomycetes, wherein bacteria and actinomycetes played adominant role, which indicated that bacteria still had strong activity in March with a low temperature and werestill the major microorganism type in soil.