甜荞品种‘牡丹荞’季节性栽培对产量的影响

Effects of Seasonal Cultivation of Common Buckwheat 'Mudanqiao' on Its Yield

甜荞（Fagopyrum esculentum Moench）的生长生育过程受自然因素影响很大,光照、温度条件和水分条件的季节性变化对其产量影响明显。通过对‘牡丹荞’品种在不同季节的栽培种植,以播期、成熟期、全生育期、株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝、单株粒重、千粒重、小区产量为研究指标,通过数理统计的方法建立回归方程,揭示甜荞在某个区域的最适播期以及播期对主要产量性状的影响。研究结果表明：甜荞品种‘牡丹荞’在太原地区栽培对光照不敏感,对水分要求不严格,只对热量要求较严。出苗到开花期的平均温度高则全生育期缩短,主茎分枝减少,单株粒数增加,单位面积甜荞产量提高。播种到出苗阶段,同其他作物一样,温度越高出苗越快。灌浆期最适温度为18~22℃。太原地区种植甜荞的最佳时期为7月7—20日。

The growth and reproduction of common buckwheat are affected by many environmental factors.Seasonal variations of temperature,sunlight and water supply obviously affect the yields.In order to reveal thesuitable sowing periods in different geographical areas of Shanxi Province and to investigate the effect ofdifferent sowing dates on major yield traits of common buckwheat,we planted‘Mudanqiao＇in differentseasons,and recorded the sowing date,maturity date,growth period and measured the height of plant,nodes ofmain stem,grain weight per plant,weight of one thousand grains,yield per plot,etc.Furthermore,we set up theregression equation by mathematical statistics.Our results showed that the growth and reproduction of‘Mudanqiao＇were not sensitive to sunlight and water,but they were greatly affected by the temperature indifferent seasons.The higher the average temperature from seedling to flowering was,the shorter the growthperiod was and the fewer the branches of main stem were,meanwhile,the weight per plant and yield per plotwere increased.Buckwheat would grow fast like other crops when the temperature went up in the stage ofsowing to seedling.The most suitable temperature in the filling stage was between 18-22℃,and the mostsuitable sowing date was from July 7 to 20 in Taiyuan area of Shanxi Province.