不同比例有机肥基肥与复合肥配施对烟株膜下小苗生长和烟叶产量质量的影响

Different Ratios of Organic Base Fertilizer Applied With Compound Fertilizer:Effect on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Seedlings Under Mulch

为解决膜下小苗科学施肥问题,采用田间试验研究了不同基肥比例的有机肥与复合肥配施对烟株生长发育、烟叶产量和产值以及内在品质的影响。结果表明:(1)生育进程、农艺性状和烟叶SPAD值测定结果表明:以70 kg有机肥全部作基肥和20 kg复合肥配施相对更好;(2)较常规相比,有机肥和复合肥配施能不同程度的增产、增值,以70 kg有机肥作基肥配施效果更好;(3)就烤后单叶重和叶面积而言,以70 kg有机肥作基肥和52.5 kg有机肥作基肥处理相对更好,35 kg有机肥配施处理与对照差异不大;(4)不同施肥处理烟叶钾、烟碱、氮和氯含量以及氮/碱较接近,有机肥和复合肥配施处理初烤烟叶的总糖、还原糖含量较常规施肥方式略高。综上所述,针对膜下苗移栽技术进行施肥调整具有明显的提质增产效果,其中70 kg有机肥作基肥和复合肥配施处理效果更显著,结果表明膜下小苗移栽技术烟株需肥特性与常规移栽存在差异,有必要进行施肥调整。

In order to conduct scientific fertilization on flue-cured tobacco seedlings under mulch,the effect ofdifferent base fertilizer ratios of organic applied with compound fertilizer on plant growth,tobacco yield andinterior quality was studied by field experiment.The results showed that：（1） the development process,agronomic traits and SPAD of the treatment of 70 kg organic base fertilizer applied with 20 kg compoundfertilizer were relatively better than that of others;（2） compared with conventional fertilization,organic fertilizercombined with compound fertilizer could increase yield and economic value to different degrees,and thetreatment of 70 kg organic base fertilizer had better result;（3） the treatment of 70 and 52.5 kg organic basefertilizer had better leaf weight and leaf area;（4） potassium,nicotine,nitrogen,chlorine content and nitrogen-alkali ratio had no significant difference among different treatments,while the total sugar content and reducingsugar content of combined application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer were higher than that ofconventional fertilization.To sum up,the fertilization adjustment had obvious improving effect,and thetreatment of 70 kg organic base fertilizer with combined application of compound fertilizer was the best.Theresults showed that flue-cured tobacco seedlings transplantation under mulch had different fertilizationrequirements from that under conventional transplantation,and the fertilization scheme should be adjust.